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Gravitational lensing is predicted by general relativity and is found in observations. When a gravitating body is surrounded by a plasma, the lensing angle depends on a frequency of the electromagnetic wave due to refraction properties, and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan , O. Yu. Tsupko

This study presents the modeling of the gravitational wave (GW) bias parameter by bridging a connection between simulated GW sources and galaxies in low redshift galaxy surveys 2MPZ and WISExSCOS (WISC). We study this connection by creating…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-24 Amir Dehghani , J. Leo Kim , Dorsa Sadat Hosseini , Alex Krolewski , Suvodip Mukherjee , Ghazal Geshnizjani

Gravitational waves propagating across gravitational potentials undergo lensing effects that, in the wave-optics regime, manifest as frequency-dependent amplitude and phase modulations. In this work, we revisit the diffraction integral…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-09 Mariana Carrillo Gonzalez , Valerio De Luca , Alice Garoffolo , Julio Parra-Martinez , Mark Trodden

Propagating gravitational waves (GWs) can encounter a massive object (lens) whose gravitational radius is comparable to the wavelength of the GWs (wave-optics regime). The resulting `microlensed' signal contains imprints about the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-23 Gopalkrishna Prabhu , Uddeepta Deka , Sumanta Chakraborty , Shasvath J. Kapadia

Deflection of light by gravity was predicted by General Relativity and observationaly confirmed in 1919. In the following decades various aspects of the gravitational lens effect were explored theoretically, among them the possibility of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Joachim Wambsganss

Strong gravitational lensing by galaxies provides us with a unique opportunity to understand the nature of gravity on galactic and extra-galactic scales. In this paper, we propose a new multimessenger approach using data from both…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-08 Tao Yang , Bin Hu , Rong-Gen Cai , Bin Wang

Given the recent direct measurement of gravitational waves (GWs) by the LIGO-VIRGO collab- oration, the coupling between electromagnetic fields and gravity have a special relevance since it opens new perspectives for future GW detectors and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-18 Francisco Cabral , Francisco S. N. Lobo

A stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) would gravitationally lens the cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons. We find that the lensing due to gravitational waves(GW) is more efficient as compared to lensing due to scalar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Aditya Rotti , Tarun Souradeep

A general linear gauge-invariant equation for dispersive gravitational waves (GWs) propagating in matter is derived. This equation describes, on the same footing, both the usual tensor modes and the gravitational modes strongly coupled with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-12 Deepen Garg , I. Y. Dodin

In a gravitational lensing system, the relative transverse velocities of the lens, source, and observer induce a frequency shift in the observed radiation. While this shift is typically negligible in most astrophysical contexts, strategies…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Mikołaj Korzyński , Mateusz Kulejewski

In a recent paper [Ruffa] it was proposed that the massive black hole at the Galactic center may act as a gravitational lens focusing gravitational wave energy to the Earth. Considering the gravitational wave signal emitted by galactic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 F. De Paolis , G. Ingrosso , A. A. Nucita , A. Qadir

Extensions to General Relativity (GR) allow the polarization of gravitational waves (GW) from astrophysical sources to suffer from amplitude and velocity birefringence, which respectively induce changes in the ellipticity and orientation of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-09 Macarena Lagos , Leah Jenks , Maximiliano Isi , Kenta Hotokezaka , Brian D. Metzger , Eric Burns , Will M. Farr , Scott Perkins , Kaze W. K. Wong , Nicolas Yunes

A formula for the wavefront of a wave reflected from a diffraction grating with an arbitrary surface profile, as well as with arbitrary non-equidistant and non-parallel grooves was obtained. It was shown that the wavefront of the reflected…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-25 Efim Khazanov

One might expect light to be scattered when it passes through a gravitational wave, and might hope that in favourable circumstances these scatterings could be observed on Earth even if the interaction occurs far away. Damour and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-12 Adam Helfer

Gravitational lensing constitutes one of the most direct observational manifestations of spacetime curvature and provides a powerful probe of compact astrophysical objects. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of the bending of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-21 Partha Pratim Basumallick , Saheb Das , Bhaswati Mandal , Subhadip Sau

We report on the formation of moir{\'e} patterns when observing the diffraction of surface plasmons by periodic gratings of finite extent with an imaging spectrometer that maps the light emission as a function of the wavelength and the…

Since the first detection of gravitational waves in 2015, gravitational-wave astronomy has emerged as a rapidly advancing field that holds great potential for studying the cosmos, from probing the properties of black holes to testing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-17 Anna Liu , Isaac C. F. Wong , Samson H. W. Leong , Anupreeta More , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

The gravitational lensing, as well as the velocity field and the cosmological light-cone warp, changes the observed correlation function of high-redshift objects. We present an analytical expression of 3D correlation function,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Takahiko Matsubara

The detection of gravitational waves opened up a new window to look into the Universe by probing phenomena invisible through electromagnetic observations. As gravitational waves interact very weakly with matter, their detection is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-29 Soumen Roy , Bruno Bertrand , Justin Janquart
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