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We explore the limits on neutrino mass which follow from a study of the long-range forces that arise from the exchange of massless or ultra-light neutrinos. Although the 2-body neutrino-exchange force is unobservably small, the many-body…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 Ephraim Fischbach

A brief up-to-date review of the long range forces generated by two neutrino exchange is presented. The potential due to exchange of a massive neutrino-antineutrino pair between particles carrying weak charge might be larger than expected…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-07 Maurizio Lusignoli , Silvano Petrarca

The exchange of a pair of neutrinos with Standard Model weak interactions generates a long-range force between fermions. The associated potential is extremely feeble, $\propto G_F^2/r^5$ for massless neutrinos, whichrenders it far from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-19 Diego Blas , Ivan Esteban , M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia , Jordi Salvado

Forces with a large radius of interaction can have a significant impact on the equation of state of matter. Low-mass neutrinos generate a long-range potential due to the exchange of neutrino pairs. We discuss a possible relationship between…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-05-23 M. I. Krivoruchenko

Neutrinos as almost massless particles could mediate long-range forces, known as neutrino forces. In this talk, I will introduce some theoretical aspects of neutrino forces, including why the potential of a neutrino force has the $1/r^{5}$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-16 Xun-Jie Xu

We investigate forces induced by the exchange of two light neutrinos between Standard Model (SM) fermions in the presence of effective operators parametrising physics beyond the SM. We first set up a general framework in which we derive the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-07-07 Patrick D. Bolton , Frank F. Deppisch , Chandan Hati

The exchange of a pair of neutrinos between two objects, seperated by a distance $r$, leads to a long-range effective potential proportional to $1/r_{}^5$, assuming massless neutrinos and four-fermion contact interactions. In this paper, we…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-02-04 Xun-jie Xu , Bingrong Yu

The Standard Model predicts a long-range force, proportional to $G_F^2/r^5$, between fermions due to the exchange of a pair of neutrinos. This quantum force is feeble and has not been observed yet. In this paper, we compute this force in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-01-19 Mitrajyoti Ghosh , Yuval Grossman , Walter Tangarife , Xun-Jie Xu , Bingrong Yu

The exchange of two massless neutrinos gives rise to a long range force which couples to weakly charged matter. As has been noted previously in the literature, the potential for this force is $\VN \propto G_{F}^2 / r^5$ with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 S. D. H. Hsu , Pierre Sikivie

We study the long-range force arising between two neutral---of electric charge---aggregates of matter due to a neutrino-pair exchange, in the limit of zero neutrino mass. The conceptual basis for the construction of the effective potential…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-06-17 A. Segarra

Neutrinos mediate long range forces among macroscopic bodies in vacuum. When the bodies are placed in the neutrino cosmic background, these forces are modified. Indeed, at distances long compared to the scale $T^{-1}$, the relic neutrinos…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 F. Ferrer , J. A. Grifols , M. Nowakowski

A method of using a gravitational UCN spectrometer to search for long-range forces between neutrons and atoms is proposed. The constraints on the strength of long-range forces within the range of 10-10 - 10-4 cm can be obtained from the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-05-19 A. P. Serebrov , O. M. Zherebtsov , S. V. Sbitnev , V. E. Varlamov , A. V. Vassiljev , M. S. Lasakov

We consider neutral-current parity-violating interactions in an atom mediated by the exchange of a neutrino-antineutrino pair. We explicitly account for the nuclear finite size encoded in the nuclear form factor. Based on its general…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-05-27 Mikhail Gorchtein , Hubert Spiesberger

The Standard Model predicts a long-range force mediated by a pair of neutrinos, known as ``the neutrino force". It scales as $G_F^2/r^5$, where $G_F$ is the Fermi constant. However, as $r \lesssim \sqrt{G_F}$, the four-Fermi theory breaks…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-19 Mitrajyoti Ghosh , Yuval Grossman , Chinhsan Sieng , Bingrong Yu

Light bosons can mediate long-range forces. We show that light bosonic mediators interacting with a background medium, in particular, with the cosmic neutrino background (C$\nu$B), may induce medium-dependent masses which could effectively…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-26 Garv Chauhan , Xun-Jie Xu

We study the consequences of new long-range forces between neutrinos on cosmic scales. If these forces are a few orders of magnitude stronger than gravity, they can induce perturbation instability in the non-relativistic cosmic neutrino…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-28 David E. Kaplan , Xuheng Luo , Surjeet Rajendran

Transformation of neutron to antineutron is a small effect that has not yet been experimentally observed. %\cite{Phillips:2014fgb}. In principle, it can occur with free neutrons in the vacuum or with bound neutrons inside the nuclear…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-06-07 Andrea Addazi , Zurab Berezhiani , Yuri Kamyshkov

We determine the influence of the three-body force and the medium modification of meson masses on pairing in nuclear and neutron matter. A reduction of the pairing gap is found and increasing with density.

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 W. Zuo , U. Lombardo , H. -J. Schulze , C. W. Shen

We establish that forces mediated by the exchange of a pair of Majorana neutrinos differ from those due to Dirac neutrino exchange.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 J. A. Grifols , E. Masso , R. Toldra

The cosmological neutrino background will mediate long range forces between objects. For a background of temperature T, the potential decreases as 1/r^5 for r >> 1/T and as 1/r for r << 1/T. These forces have large spin-dependent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 C. J. Horowitz , J. Pantaleone
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