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Related papers: Language Modeling for Code-Switched Data: Challeng…

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State-of-the-art text-to-speech (TTS) systems realize high naturalness in monolingual environments, synthesizing speech with correct multilingual accents (especially for Indic languages) and context-relevant emotions still poses difficulty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Pranav Pawar , Akshansh Dwivedi , Jenish Boricha , Himanshu Gohil , Aditya Dubey

Being able to parse code-switched (CS) utterances, such as Spanish+English or Hindi+English, is essential to democratize task-oriented semantic parsing systems for certain locales. In this work, we focus on Spanglish (Spanish+English) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Arash Einolghozati , Abhinav Arora , Lorena Sainz-Maza Lecanda , Anuj Kumar , Sonal Gupta

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is the task of inferring the logical relationship, typically entailment or contradiction, between a premise and hypothesis. Code-mixing is the use of more than one language in the same conversation or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Simran Khanuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

Code-switching is a pervasive linguistic phenomenon in global communication, yet modern information retrieval systems remain predominantly designed for, and evaluated within, monolingual contexts. To bridge this critical disconnect, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qingcheng Zeng , Yuheng Lu , Zeqi Zhou , Heli Qi , Puxuan Yu , Fuheng Zhao , Hitomi Yanaka , Weihao Xuan , Naoto Yokoya

Introducing factors, that is to say, word features such as linguistic information referring to the source tokens, is known to improve the results of neural machine translation systems in certain settings, typically in recurrent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Jordi Armengol-Estapé , Marta R. Costa-jussà , Carlos Escolano

Multilingual writers and speakers often alternate between two languages in a single discourse, a practice called "code-switching". Existing sentiment detection methods are usually trained on sentiment-labeled monolingual text. Manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Bidisha Samanta , Niloy Ganguly , Soumen Chakrabarti

Multilingual code-switching research is often hindered by the lack and linguistically biased status of available datasets. To expand language representation, we synthesize code-switching data by replacing intonation units detected through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Yeeun Kang

Semantic Retrieval (SR) has become an indispensable part of the FAQ system in the task-oriented question-answering (QA) dialogue scenario. The demands for a cross-lingual smart-customer-service system for an e-commerce platform or some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mieradilijiang Maimaiti , Yuanhang Zheng , Ji Zhang , Yue Zhang , Wenpei Luo , Kaiyu Huang

Code-mixing is the phenomenon of using more than one language in a sentence. It is a very frequently observed pattern of communication on social media platforms. Flexibility to use multiple languages in one text message might help to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Vivek Srivastava , Mayank Singh

In multilingual societies, social conversations often involve code-mixed speech. The current speech technology may not be well equipped to extract information from multi-lingual multi-speaker conversations. The DISPLACE challenge entails a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-06 Shikha Baghel , Shreyas Ramoji , Sidharth , Ranjana H , Prachi Singh , Somil Jain , Pratik Roy Chowdhuri , Kaustubh Kulkarni , Swapnil Padhi , Deepu Vijayasenan , Sriram Ganapathy

For English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, code-switching (CSW), or alternating between their native language and the target language (English), can lower anxiety and ease communication barriers. Large language models (LLMs), with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Junyeong Park , Jieun Han , Yeon Su Park , Youngbin Lee , Suin Kim , Juho Kim , Alice Oh , So-Yeon Ahn

With a sharp rise in fluency and users of "Hinglish" in linguistically diverse country, India, it has increasingly become important to analyze social content written in this language in platforms such as Twitter, Reddit, Facebook. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Vivek Kumar Gupta

Language identification (LID) has relevance in many speech processing applications. For the automatic recognition of code-switching speech, the conventional approaches often employ an LID system for detecting the languages present within an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Sreeram Ganji , Kunal Dhawan , Kumar Priyadarshi , Rohit Sinha

The usage of more than one language in the same text is referred to as Code Mixed. It is evident that there is a growing degree of adaption of the use of code-mixed data, especially English with a regional language, on social media…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Gauri Takawane , Abhishek Phaltankar , Varad Patwardhan , Aryan Patil , Raviraj Joshi , Mukta S. Takalikar

Nowadays, an abundance of short text is being generated that uses nonstandard writing styles influenced by regional languages. Such informal and code-switched content are under-resourced in terms of labeled datasets and language models even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Muhammad Haroon Shakeel , Asim Karim

Code-mixing (CM), where speakers blend languages within a single expression, is prevalent in multilingual societies but poses challenges for natural language processing due to its complexity and limited data. We propose using a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Linda Zeng

In this work, we study whether multilingual language models (MultiLMs) can transfer logical reasoning abilities to other languages when they are fine-tuned for reasoning in a different language. We evaluate the cross-lingual reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Negar Foroutan , Mohammadreza Banaei , Karl Aberer , Antoine Bosselut

Code-switching poses a number of challenges and opportunities for multilingual automatic speech recognition. In this paper, we focus on the question of robust and fair evaluation metrics. To that end, we develop a reference benchmark data…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-30 Injy Hamed , Amir Hussein , Oumnia Chellah , Shammur Chowdhury , Hamdy Mubarak , Sunayana Sitaram , Nizar Habash , Ahmed Ali

The task of automatically identifying a language used in a given text is called Language Identification (LI). India is a multilingual country and many Indians especially youths are comfortable with Hindi and English, in addition to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-21 H. L. Shashirekha , F. Balouchzahi , M. D. Anusha , G. Sidorov

Modeling code-switched speech is an important problem in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Labeled code-switched data are rare, so monolingual data are often used to model code-switched speech. These monolingual data may be more closely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Andrew Slottje , Shannon Wotherspoon , William Hartmann , Matthew Snover , Owen Kimball