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This paper proposes a novel energy storage price arbitrage algorithm combining supervised learning with dynamic programming. The proposed approach uses a neural network to directly predicts the opportunity cost at different energy storage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-22 Ningkun Zheng , Xiaoxiang Liu , Bolun Xu , Yuanyuan Shi

In this letter, we address the problem of controlling energy storage systems (ESSs) for arbitrage in real-time electricity markets under price uncertainty. We first formulate this problem as a Markov decision process, and then develop a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Hanchen Xu , Xiao Li , Xiangyu Zhang , Junbo Zhang

We study the optimal control of storage which is used for arbitrage, i.e. for buying a commodity when it is cheap and selling it when it is expensive. Our particular concern is with the management of energy systems, although the results are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-06-17 James Cruise , Richard Gibbens , Stan Zachary

Power systems face increasing weather-driven variability and, therefore, increasingly rely on flexible but energy-limited storage resources. Energy storage can buffer this variability, but its value depends on intertemporal decisions under…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Tomás Tapia , Agustin Castellano , Enrique Mallada , Yury Dvorkin

Energy arbitrage is one of the most profitable sources of income for battery operators, generating revenues by buying and selling electricity at different prices. Forecasting these revenues is challenging due to the inherent uncertainty of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Manuel Sage , Joshua Campbell , Yaoyao Fiona Zhao

With the proliferation of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), more real-time data is available to electric utilities and consumers. Such high volumes of data facilitate innovative electricity rate structures beyond flat-rate and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Eli Brock , Lauren Bruckstein , Patrick Connor , Sabrina Nguyen , Robert Kerestes , Mai Abdelhakim

This paper presents a computation-efficient stochastic dynamic programming algorithm for solving energy storage price arbitrage considering variable charge and discharge efficiencies. We formulate the price arbitrage problem using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-08 Ningkun Zheng , Joshua Jaworski , Bolun Xu

Energy storage resources must consider both price uncertainties and their physical operating characteristics when participating in wholesale electricity markets. This is a challenging problem as electricity prices are highly volatile, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Yousuf Baker , Ningkun Zheng , Bolun Xu

We characterize profit-maximizing operating strategies, over some time horizon [0,T], for an energy store which is trading in an arbitrage market. Our theory allows for leakage, operating inefficiencies, operating constraints and general…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-12-03 Lisa Flatley , Robert S. MacKay , Michael Waterson

A continuous rise in the penetration of renewable energy sources, along with the use of the single imbalance pricing, provides a new opportunity for balance responsible parties to reduce their cost through energy arbitrage in the imbalance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-01 Seyed Soroush Karimi Madahi , Gargya Gokhale , Marie-Sophie Verwee , Bert Claessens , Chris Develder

This paper presents a novel decision-focused framework integrating the physical energy storage model into machine learning pipelines. Motivated by the model predictive control for energy storage, our end-to-end method incorporates the prior…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-06 Ming Yi , Saud Alghumayjan , Bolun Xu

Energy storage devices, such as batteries, thermal energy storages, and hydrogen systems, can help mitigate climate change by ensuring a more stable and sustainable power supply. To maximize the effectiveness of such energy storage,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Jaeik Jeong , Tai-Yeon Ku , Wan-Ki Park

Arbitrage is one important revenue source for energy storage in electricity markets. However, a large amount of storage in the market will impact the energy price and reduce potential revenues. This can lead to strategic behaviors of…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-11-17 Dongwei Zhao , Mehdi Jafari , Audun Botterud , Apurba Sakti

This paper presents an integrated model for bidding energy storage in day-ahead and real-time markets to maximize profits. We show that in integrated two-stage bidding, the real-time bids are independent of day-ahead settlements, while the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Saud Alghumayjan , Jiajun Han , Ningkun Zheng , Ming Yi , Bolun Xu

Large scale electricity storage is set to play an increasingly important role in the management of future energy networks. A major aspect of the economics of such projects is captured in arbitrage, i.e. buying electricity when it is cheap…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-05-25 James Cruise , Lisa Flatley , Richard Gibbens , Stan Zachary

In the wake of the highly electrified future ahead of us, the role of energy storage is crucial wherever distributed generation is abundant, such as in microgrid settings. Given the variety of storage options that are becoming more and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 S. Tsianikas , N. Yousefi , J. Zhou , M. Rodgers , D. W. Coit

We formulate the optimal energy arbitrage problem for a piecewise linear cost function for energy storage devices using linear programming (LP). The LP formulation is based on the equivalent minimization of the epigraph. This formulation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-19 Md Umar Hashmi , Arpan Mukhopadhyay , Ana Bušić , Jocelyne Elias , Diego Kiedanski

We investigate the profitability and risk of energy storage arbitrage in electricity markets under price uncertainty, exploring both robust and chance-constrained optimization approaches. We analyze various uncertainty representations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-16 Yiqian Wu , Bolun Xu , James Anderson

Reinforcement learning algorithms describe how an agent can learn an optimal action policy in a sequential decision process, through repeated experience. In a given environment, the agent policy provides him some running and terminal…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-03-24 Arthur Charpentier , Romuald Elie , Carl Remlinger

Electricity price prediction plays a vital role in energy storage system (ESS) management. Current prediction models focus on reducing prediction errors but overlook their impact on downstream decision-making. So this paper proposes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Linwei Sang , Yinliang Xu , Huan Long , Qinran Hu , Hongbin Sun
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