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Vizing's theorem states that every simple undirected graph can be edge-colored using fewer than $\Delta + 1$ colors, where $\Delta$ is the graph's maximum degree. The original proof was given through a polynomial-time algorithmic procedure…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Arohee Bhoja

This is a graduate-level introduction to graph theory, corresponding to a quarter-long course. It covers simple graphs, multigraphs as well as their directed analogues, and more restrictive classes such as tournaments, trees and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Darij Grinberg

This paper explores the application of a new algebraic method of color exchanges to the edge coloring of simple graphs. Vizing's theorem states that the edge coloring of a simple graph $G$ requires either $\Delta$ or $\Delta+1$ colors,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-04-12 Tony T. Lee , Yujie Wan , Hao Guan

In this work, we present a branch-and-price algorithm to solve the weighted version of the List Coloring Problem, based on a vertex cover formulation by stable sets. This problem is interesting for its applications and also for the many…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Mauro Lucci , Daniel Severin , Graciela Nasini

In this paper, two recursion formulae of chromatic polynomial of a maximal planar graph G are obtained. Moreover, the application of these formulaes to the proof of Four-Color Conjecture is investigated. By using these formulae, the proof…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-03-17 Jin Xu

We present an informal survey (meant to accompany another paper) on graph compression methods. We focus on lossless methods, briefly list available pproaches, and compare them where possible or give some indicators on their compression…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-03 Sebastian Maneth , Fabian Peternek

The criteria for determining graph isomorphism are crucial for solving graph isomorphism problems. The necessary condition is that two isomorphic graphs possess invariants, but their function can only be used to filtrate and subdivide…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Chuanfu Hu , Aimin Hou

In this paper we have investigated some old issues concerning four color map problem. We have given a general method for constructing counter-examples to Kempe's proof of the four color theorem and then show that all counterexamples can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-13 I. Cahit

We introduce a graph-theoretic vertex dissolution model that applies to a number of redistribution scenarios such as gerrymandering in political districting or work balancing in an online situation. The central aspect of our model is the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-01-12 René van Bevern , Robert Bredereck , Jiehua Chen , Vincent Froese , Rolf Niedermeier , Gerhard J. Woeginger

This is the first paper in a series whose goal is to give a polynomial time algorithm for the $4$-coloring problem and the $4$-precoloring extension problem restricted to the class of graphs with no induced six-vertex path, thus proving a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-16 Maria Chudnovsky , Sophie Spirkl , Mingxian Zhong

The attempts to prove the Four Color Problem last for long years. A little hope arises that the properties of the minimal partial triangulations will be very useful for the solution of the Four Color Problem. That is why the material of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-06-04 Natalia Malinina

In this paper, author uses set theory to construct a logic model of abstract figure from binary relation. Based on the uniform quantified structure, author gives two logic system for graph traversal and graph coloring respectively, moreover…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-12-10 Yong Tan

We show a method how to convert any graph into the binary number and vice versa. We derive upper bound for maximum number of graphs, that, have fixed number of vertices and can be colored with n colors (n is any given number). Proof for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Kamil Kulesza , Zbigniew Kotulski

The proof uses the property that the vertices of a triangulated planar graph can be four coloured if the triangles can have a +1 or -1 orientation so that the sum of the triangle orientations around each vertex is a multiple of 3. Such…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-08-24 Patrick Labarque

A method for improving the efficiency of graph isomorphism testing is presented. The method uses the structure of the graph colored by vertex hash codes as a means of partitioning vertices into equivalence classes, which in turn reduces the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-02 Thomas E. Portegys

The study of graph vertex colorability from an algebraic perspective has introduced novel techniques and algorithms into the field. For instance, it is known that $k$-colorability of a graph $G$ is equivalent to the condition $1 \in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-09-24 Christopher J. Hillar , Troels Windfeldt

Recently, many systems for graph analysis have been developed to address the growing needs of both industry and academia to study complex graphs. Insight into the practical uses of graph analysis will allow future developments of such…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Tim Hegeman , Alexandru Iosup

We give a simple reformulation of the four color theorem as a problem on strings over a four letter alphabet.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-25 Ajit Diwan

This paper discusses the formalization of proofs "by diagram chasing", a standard technique for proving properties in abelian categories. We discuss how the essence of diagram chases can be captured by a simple many-sorted first-order…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Assia Mahboubi , Matthieu Piquerez

An edge weighting problem of a graph G is an assignment of an integer weight to each edge e. Based on edge weighting problem, several types of vertex-coloring problems are put forward. A simple observation illuminates that edge weighting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-07-09 Yinghua Duan , Hongliang Lu , Qinglin yu