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We show that if the conditional distribution p(C | T) factors through a sufficient statistic {\phi}(T), then the Information Bottleneck (IB) problem for (T, C) is exactly equivalent to the IB problem for ({\phi}(T), C). The reduction is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Joss Armstrong

The Information Bottleneck (IB) method is an information theoretical framework to design a parsimonious and tunable feature-extraction mechanism, such that the extracted features are maximally relevant to a specific learning or inference…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-17 Francesco Binucci , Paolo Banelli , Paolo Di Lorenzo , Sergio Barbarossa

The information bottleneck (IB) method offers an attractive framework for understanding representation learning, however its applications are often limited by its computational intractability. Analytical characterization of the IB method is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Vudtiwat Ngampruetikorn , David J. Schwab

Information bottleneck (IB) is a technique for extracting information in one random variable $X$ that is relevant for predicting another random variable $Y$. IB works by encoding $X$ in a compressed "bottleneck" random variable $M$ from…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky , Brendan D. Tracey , David H. Wolpert

The information bottleneck (IB) method is a technique for extracting information that is relevant for predicting the target random variable from the source random variable, which is typically implemented by optimizing the IB Lagrangian that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Ziqi Pan , Li Niu , Jianfu Zhang , Liqing Zhang

The information bottleneck (IB) method seeks a compressed representation of data that preserves information relevant to a target variable for prediction while discarding irrelevant information from the original data. In its classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Akira Kamatsuka , Takahiro Yoshida

The information bottleneck (IB) approach is popular to improve the generalization, robustness and explainability of deep neural networks. Essentially, it aims to find a minimum sufficient representation $\mathbf{t}$ by striking a trade-off…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Shujian Yu , Xi Yu , Sigurd Løkse , Robert Jenssen , Jose C. Principe

The information bottleneck (IB) principle has been adopted to explain deep learning in terms of information compression and prediction, which are balanced by a trade-off hyperparameter. How to optimize the IB principle for better robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Penglong Zhai , Shihua Zhang

Deep neural networks suffer from poor generalization to unseen environments when the underlying data distribution is different from that in the training set. By learning minimum sufficient representations from training data, the information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Francesco Alesiani , Shujian Yu , Xi Yu

Given the input graph and its label/property, several key problems of graph learning, such as finding interpretable subgraphs, graph denoising and graph compression, can be attributed to the fundamental problem of recognizing a subgraph of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Junchi Yu , Tingyang Xu , Yu Rong , Yatao Bian , Junzhou Huang , Ran He

Information bottleneck is an information-theoretic principle of representation learning that aims to learn a maximally compressed representation that preserves as much information about labels as possible. Under this principle, two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Yuyan Ni , Yanyan Lan , Ao Liu , Zhiming Ma

The information bottleneck (IB) method aims to find compressed representations of a variable $X$ that retain the most relevant information about a target variable $Y$. We show that for a wide family of distributions -- namely, when $Y$ is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Etam Benger , Shahab Asoodeh , Jun Chen

The Information Bottleneck (IB) framework is a general characterization of optimal representations obtained using a principled approach for balancing accuracy and complexity. Here we present a new framework, the Dual Information Bottleneck…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Zoe Piran , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Naftali Tishby

Information Bottleneck (IB) is widely used, but in deep learning, it is usually implemented through tractable surrogates, such as variational bounds or neural mutual information (MI) estimators, rather than directly controlling the MI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Weiqi Wang , Zhiyi Tian , Chenhan Zhang , Shui Yu

Information bottleneck (IB) is a method for extracting information from one random variable $X$ that is relevant for predicting another random variable $Y$. To do so, IB identifies an intermediate "bottleneck" variable $T$ that has low…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky , Brendan D. Tracey , Steven Van Kuyk

The information bottleneck (IB) problem tackles the issue of obtaining relevant compressed representations $T$ of some random variable $X$ for the task of predicting $Y$. It is defined as a constrained optimization problem which maximizes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-19 Borja Rodríguez-Gálvez , Ragnar Thobaben , Mikael Skoglund

Information Bottlenecks (IBs) learn representations that generalize to unseen data by information compression. However, existing IBs are practically unable to guarantee generalization in real-world scenarios due to the vacuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Yilin Lyu , Xin Liu , Mingyang Song , Xinyue Wang , Yaxin Peng , Tieyong Zeng , Liping Jing

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle offers a compelling theoretical framework to understand how neural networks (NNs) learn. However, its practical utility has been constrained by unresolved theoretical ambiguities and significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Charles Westphal , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

The information bottleneck problem (IB) of jointly stationary Gaussian sources is considered. A water-filling solution for the IB rate is given in terms of its SNR spectrum and whose rate is attained via frequency domain test-channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Michael Dikshtein , Nir Weinberger , Shlomo Shamai

In the context of statistical learning, the Information Bottleneck method seeks a right balance between accuracy and generalization capability through a suitable tradeoff between compression complexity, measured by minimum description…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Mohammad Mahdi Mahvari , Mari Kobayashi , Abdellatif Zaidi
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