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A strong backdoor in a formula $\phi$ of propositional logic to a tractable class $\mathcal{C}$ of formulas is a set $B$ of variables of $\phi$ such that every assignment of the variables in $B$ results in a formula from $\mathcal{C}$.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Nikolas Mählmann , Sebastian Siebertz , Alexandre Vigny

Today's propositional satisfiability (SAT) solvers are extremely powerful and can be used as an efficient back-end for solving NP-complete problems. However, many fundamental problems in knowledge representation and reasoning are located at…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Ronald de Haan , Stefan Szeider

Dependency Quantified Boolean Formulas (DQBF) generalize QBF by explicitly specifying which universal variables each existential variable depends on, instead of relying on a linear quantifier order. The satisfiability problem of DQBF is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Long-Hin Fung , Che Cheng , Jie-Hong Roland Jiang , Friedrich Slivovsky , Tony Tan

Treewidth (tw) is an important parameter that, when bounded, yields tractability for many problems. For example, graph problems expressible in Monadic Second Order (MSO) logic and QUANTIFIED SAT or, more generally, QUANTIFIED CSP, are FPT…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Florent Foucaud , Esther Galby , Liana Khazaliya , Shaohua Li , Fionn Mc Inerney , Roohani Sharma , Prafullkumar Tale

We introduce tree-width for first order formulae \phi, fotw(\phi). We show that computing fotw is fixed-parameter tractable with parameter fotw. Moreover, we show that on classes of formulae of bounded fotw, model checking is fixed…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Isolde Adler , Mark Weyer

Current algorithms for bounded model checking use SAT methods for checking satisfiability of Boolean formulae. These methods suffer from the potential memory explosion problem. Methods based on the validity of Quantified Boolean Formulae…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Jacob Katz , Ziyad Hanna , Nachum Dershowitz

Parameterised subgraph counting problems are the most thoroughly studied topic in the theory of parameterised counting, and there has been significant recent progress in this area. Many of the existing tractability results for parameterised…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-06-01 Kitty Meeks

Dependency quantified Boolean formulas (DQBFs) are a powerful formalism, which subsumes quantified Boolean formulas (QBFs) and allows an explicit specification of dependencies of existential variables on universal variables. Driven by the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Aile Ge-Ernst , Christoph Scholl , Juraj Síč , Ralf Wimmer

In the foreseeable future, toolchains for quantum computing should offer automatic means of transforming a high level problem formulation down to a hardware executable form. Thereby, it is crucial to find (multiple) transformation paths…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Lukas Schmidbauer , Wolfgang Mauerer

Given a CNF formula $F$, we present a new algorithm for deciding the satisfiability (SAT) of $F$ and computing all solutions of assignments. The algorithm is based on the concept of \emph{cofactors} known in the literature. This paper is a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Madhav Desai , Virendra Sule

Bounded treewidth and Monadic Second Order (MSO) logic have proved to be key concepts in establishing fixed-parameter tractability results. Indeed, by Courcelle's Theorem we know: Any property of finite structures, which is expressible by…

Databases · Computer Science 2008-09-19 Georg Gottlob , Reinhard Pichler , Fang Wei

Parameterized complexity seeks to use input structure to obtain faster algorithms for NP-hard problems. This has been most successful for graphs of low treewidth: Many problems admit fast algorithms relative to treewidth and many of them…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Falko Hegerfeld , Stefan Kratsch

We present a new approximation algorithm for the treewidth problem which finds an upper bound on the treewidth and constructs a corresponding tree decomposition as well. Our algorithm is a faster variation of Reed's classical algorithm. For…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Mahdi Belbasi , Martin Fürer

Width parameterizations of SAT, such as tree-width and path-width, enable the study of computationally more tractable and practical SAT instances. We give two simple algorithms. One that runs simultaneously in time-space…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-08-12 Shiteng Chen , Tiancheng Lou , Periklis Papakonstantinou , Bangsheng Tang

In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm to solve projected model counting (PMC). PMC asks to count solutions of a Boolean formula with respect to a given set of projection variables, where multiple solutions that are identical when…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Johannes K. Fichte , Markus Hecher , Michael Morak , Patrick Thier , Stefan Woltran

A quantified Boolean formula (QBF) is a propositional formula extended with universal and existential quantification over propositions. There are two methodologies in CEGAR based QBF solving techniques, one that is based on a refinement…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Leander Tentrup

In many decision-making processes, one may prefer multiple solutions to a single solution, which allows us to choose an appropriate solution from the set of promising solutions that are found by algorithms. Given this, finding a set of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Tatsuya Gima , Yuni Iwamasa , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Kazuhiro Kurita , Yota Otachi , Rin Saito

We present a new approach for learning the structure of a treewidth-bounded Bayesian Network (BN). The key to our approach is applying an exact method (based on MaxSAT) locally, to improve the score of a heuristically computed BN. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Vaidyanathan P. R. , Stefan Szeider

We introduce new semi-algebraic proof systems for Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBF) analogous to the propositional systems Nullstellensatz, Sherali-Adams and Sum-of-Squares. We transfer to this setting techniques both from the QBF…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Olaf Beyersdorff , Ilario Bonacina , Kaspar Kasche , Meena Mahajan , Luc Nicolas Spachmann

We introduce Tree Decision Diagrams (TDD) as a model for Boolean functions that generalizes OBDD. They can be seen as a restriction of structured d-DNNF; that is, d-DNNF that respect a vtree $T$. We show that TDDs enjoy the same…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Florent Capelli , YooJung Choi , Stefan Mengel , Martín Muñoz , Guy Van den Broeck