Related papers: An Alternative Method for Solving Two Problems of …
We call attention to the fact that the gauge symmetry $SU(3)\times SU(2)_{_L}\times U(1)$ of the Standard Model can be easily and naturally extended by the local conformal symmetry connected with the possibility of choosing the local length…
The $U_L(2)\bigotimes U_R(2) $ gauge model for the unified theory of the electromagnetic and weak interactions which is free from a prior self-interaction scalar field, is developed. Due to breaking the initial symmetry the…
The Standard Model of electroweak interactions is shown to include a gauge theory for the observed scalar and pseudoscalar mesons. This is done by exploiting the consequences of embedding the SU(2)left X U(1) group into the chiral group of…
Starting with the definition of quaternion gauge theory, we have undertaken the study of SU(2)_{e}\times SU(2)_{m}\times U(1)_{e}\times U(1)_{m} in terms of the simultaneous existence of electric and magnetic charges along with their Yang -…
A model for strong, electroweak and gravitational interactions based on the local symmetry group $G=SU(3)\times SU(2)_{L}\times U(1)\times C$ where $C$ is the local conformal symmetry group is proposed. The natural minimal $G$-invariant…
We examine the Standard Model under the electroweak symmetry group $U_{EW}(2)$ subject to the Lie algebra condition $\mathfrak{u}_{EW}(2)\not\cong \mathfrak{su}_{I}(2)\oplus \mathfrak{u}_{Y}(1)$. Physically, the condition ensures that all…
A new Lagrangian of EW interactions without spontaneous symmetry breaking, Higgs, and Fadeev-Popov procedure has been constructed. It consists of three parts: $SU(2)_L\times U(1)$ gauge fields, massive fermion fields, and their…
A modified formulation of the Electroweak Model with 3-dimensional spherical geometry in the target space is suggested. The {\it free} Lagrangian in the spherical field space along with the standard gauge field Lagrangian form the full…
A Higgsless model for strong, electro-weak and gravitational interactions is proposed. This model is based on the local symmetry group SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1)xC where C is the local conformal symmetry group. The natural minimal conformally…
The process e+e- --> W+W- provides a valuable laboratory to test the Standard Model (SM) and to search for new physics. The most general helicity amplitudes for this process require the introduction of nine form-factors which we calculate…
The standard model for electroweak interactions uses the concepts of weak hypercharge and local gauge invariance of the Lagrangian density under the gauge group SU(2) x U(1). Taylor has remarked that U(1), being a multiply-connected group,…
This paper explores the argument structure of the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the electroweak gauge theory of the Standard Model: the so-called Higgs mechanism. As commonly understood, the Higgs argument is designed to…
We propose an extension of the Standard Model by extending the EW symmetry to SU(2)_L x U(1) x Z_2 and introducing three SU(2)_L x U(1) singlet right handed neutrinos, N_R, and an additional Higgs doublet, phi. While the SM gauge bosons and…
We know that demanding $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ gauge symmetry of Lagrangian is a "sufficient" condition to describe electroweak interactions, however, in this paper, we have tried to find whether it's a "necessary" condition or not. We have…
A novel model embedding the two Higgs doublets in the popular two Higgs doublet models into a doublet of a non-abelian gauge group $SU(2)_H$ is presented. The Standard Model $SU(2)_L$ right-handed fermion singlets are paired up with new…
In the Standard Model of elementary particles the fermions are assumed to be intrinsically massless. Here we propose a new theoretical idea of fermion mass generation (other than by the Higgs mechanism) through the coupling with the vector…
An effective theory is proposed, combining the standard gauge group $SU(3)_{C}\otimes SU(2)_{L}\otimes U(1)_{Y}$ with a horizontal discrete symmetry. By assigning appropriate charges under this discrete symmetry to the various fermion…
This is the second of two companion papers in which we continue developing the construction of an elementary particle model with no Higgs. Here we show that the recently identified non-perturbative field-theoretical feature, alternative to…
We study the possibility of obtaining the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics as an effective theory of a more fundamental one, whose electroweak sector includes two non-universal local $U(1)$ gauge groups, with the chiral anomaly…
We show that the renormalizable SO(4) X U (1) X SU (2) X SU (3) Yang Mills coupled to matter and the Higgs field fits all the experimentally observed differential cross sections known in nature. This extended Standard Model reproduces the…