Related papers: On Powers of the Catalan Number Sequence
How can we monitor, in real time, whether one uncertain prospect has any upside over another? To answer this question, we develop a novel family of sequential, anytime-valid tests for stochastic dominance (SD; also known as stochastic…
We prove a combinatorial identity relating Catalan numbers to tangent numbers arising from the study of peak algebra that was conjectured by Aliniaeifard and Li. This identity leads to the discovery of the intriguing identity $$…
We give a brief history of Catalan numbers, from their first discovery in the 18th century to modern times. This note will appear as an appendix in Richard Stanley's forthcoming book on Catalan numbers.
Constant-recursive sequences are those which satisfy a linear recurrence, so that later terms can be obtained as a linear combination of the previous ones. The rank of a constant-recursive sequence is the minimal number of previous terms…
The monic sequence that shifts left under convolution with itself is the Catalan numbers with 130+ combinatorial interpretations. Here we establish a combinatorial interpretation for the monic sequence that shifts left under composition: it…
In this paper, bicomplex Pell and bicomplex Pell-Lucas numbers are defined. Also, negabicomplex Pell and negabicomplex Pell-Lucas numbers are given. Some algebraic properties of bicomplex Pell and bicomplex Pell-Lucas numbers which are…
Analysis of the dynamics of the Dyck words helped solve the problem of representing the Catalan number as a sum of squares of natural numbers. In this case, the Dyck triangle is considered in different coordinates. In the calculations, we…
We give a continued-fraction characterization of Stieltjes moment sequences for which there exists a representing measure with support in $[\xi, \infty)$. The proof is elementary.
A Catalan pair is a pair of binary relations (S,R) satisfying certain axioms. These objects are enumerated by the well-known Catalan numbers, and have been introduced with the aim of giving a common language to most of the structures…
Following Benjamin et al., a matrix with entries being sums of two neighbouring Catalan numbers is considered. Its LU-decomposition is given, by guessing the results and later prove it by computer algebra, with lots of human help.…
A class of Stieltjes functions of finite type is introduced. These satisfy Widder's conditions on the successive derivatives up to some finite order, and are not necessarily smooth. We show that such functions have a unique integral…
We consider the random continued fraction S(t) := 1/(s_1 + t/(s_2 + t/(s_3 + >...))) where the s_n are independent random variables with the same gamma distribution. For every realisation of the sequence, S(t) defines a Stieltjes function.…
The $p$-th power of the logarithm of the Catalan generating function is computed using the Stirling cycle numbers. Instead of Stirling numbers, one may write this generating function in terms of higher order harmonic numbers.
We present a new alternating convolution formula for the super Catalan numbers which arises as a generalization of two known binomial identities. We prove a generalization of this formula by using auxiliary sums, recurrence relations, and…
We present an exposition on the Fuss--Catalan numbers, which are a generalization of the well known Catalan numbers. The literature on the subject is scattered (especially for the case of multiple independent parameters, as will be…
This paper presents a two-phase algorithm for computing exact Catalan numbers at an unprecedented scale. The method is demonstrated by computing $C(n)$ for $n = 2,050,572,903$ yielding a result with a targeted $1,234,567,890$ decimal…
The lonely singles sequence represents the number of noncrossing partitions of the finite set {1,. .. , n} in which no pair of singletons {i} and {j} can be merged into the pair {i, j} so that the partition stays noncrossing. The…
In this note we show that various natural q-analogues of the Catalan numbers can be obtained in a uniform way. Furthermore we compute their Hankel determinants.
We numerically estimate the critical exponents of certain enumeration sequences that naturally generalize the famous Catalan and super-Catalan sequences, and raise deep and original questions about their exact values, and whether they are…
The Stieltjes constants $\gamma_k(a)$ appear in the regular part of the Laurent expansion for the Hurwitz zeta function $\zeta(s,a)$. We present summatory results for these constants $\gamma_k(a)$ in terms of fundamental mathematical…