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We introduce polyglot language models, recurrent neural network models trained to predict symbol sequences in many different languages using shared representations of symbols and conditioning on typological information about the language to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-13 Yulia Tsvetkov , Sunayana Sitaram , Manaal Faruqui , Guillaume Lample , Patrick Littell , David Mortensen , Alan W Black , Lori Levin , Chris Dyer

Cross-lingual representations of words enable us to reason about word meaning in multilingual contexts and are a key facilitator of cross-lingual transfer when developing natural language processing models for low-resource languages. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Sebastian Ruder , Ivan Vulić , Anders Søgaard

Cross-lingual model transfer is a compelling and popular method for predicting annotations in a low-resource language, whereby parallel corpora provide a bridge to a high-resource language and its associated annotated corpora. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Meng Fang , Trevor Cohn

We focus on the problem of language modeling for code-switched language, in the context of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Language modeling for code-switched language is challenging for (at least) three reasons: (1) lack of available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Hila Gonen , Yoav Goldberg

Multilingual generative models obtain remarkable cross-lingual in-context learning capabilities through pre-training on large-scale corpora. However, they still exhibit a performance bias toward high-resource languages and learn isolated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Chong Li , Shaonan Wang , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

There has been increasing interest in building multilingual foundation models for NLP and speech research. This paper examines how to expand the speech translation capability of these models with restricted data. Whisper, a speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Rao Ma , Mengjie Qian , Yassir Fathullah , Siyuan Tang , Mark Gales , Kate Knill

Languages usually switch within a multilingual speech signal, especially in a bilingual society. This phenomenon is referred to as code-switching (CS), making automatic speech recognition (ASR) challenging under a multilingual scenario. We…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Hexin Liu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Xiangyu Zhang , Andy W. H. Khong , Sanjeev Khudanpur

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in speech generation and recognition, their applications are mainly confined to monolingual scenarios, with limited explorations in code-switched (CS) contexts. In this paper, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-25 Jing Xu , Daxin Tan , Jiaqi Wang , Xiao Chen

Code-switching (CS) occurs when a speaker alternates words of two or more languages within a single sentence or across sentences. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) of CS speech has to deal with two or more languages at the same time. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-19 Xinyuan Zhou , Emre Yılmaz , Yanhua Long , Yijie Li , Haizhou Li

The integration of language models for neural machine translation has been extensively studied in the past. It has been shown that an external language model, trained on additional target-side monolingual data, can help improve translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Christian Herold , Yingbo Gao , Mohammad Zeineldeen , Hermann Ney

Recent state-of-the-art neural text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis models have dramatically improved intelligibility and naturalness of generated speech from text. However, building a good bilingual or code-switched TTS for a particular voice is…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Shengkui Zhao , Trung Hieu Nguyen , Hao Wang , Bin Ma

Multilingual writers and speakers often alternate between two languages in a single discourse, a practice called "code-switching". Existing sentiment detection methods are usually trained on sentiment-labeled monolingual text. Manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Bidisha Samanta , Niloy Ganguly , Soumen Chakrabarti

This paper presents a unified model to perform language and speaker recognition simultaneously and altogether. The model is based on a multi-task recurrent neural network where the output of one task is fed as the input of the other,…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-05-24 Lantian Li , Zhiyuan Tang , Dong Wang , Andrew Abel , Yang Feng , Shiyue Zhang

We train a bilingual Arabic-Hebrew language model using a transliterated version of Arabic texts in Hebrew, to ensure both languages are represented in the same script. Given the morphological, structural similarities, and the extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Aviad Rom , Kfir Bar

Crosslingual transfer is crucial to contemporary language models' multilingual capabilities, but how it occurs is not well understood. We ask what happens to a monolingual language model when it begins to be trained on a second language.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Catherine Arnett , Tyler A. Chang , James A. Michaelov , Benjamin K. Bergen

Code-switching (CS) refers to a linguistic phenomenon where a speaker uses different languages in an utterance or between alternating utterances. In this work, we study end-to-end (E2E) approaches to the Mandarin-English code-switching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Zhiping Zeng , Yerbolat Khassanov , Van Tung Pham , Haihua Xu , Eng Siong Chng , Haizhou Li

We introduce the bilingual dual-coding theory as a model for bilingual mental representation. Based on this model, lexical selection neural networks are implemented for a connectionist transfer project in machine translation. This lexical…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Ye-Yi Wang

Code-Switching (CS) multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models can transcribe speech containing two or more alternating languages during a conversation. This paper proposes (1) a new method for creating code-switching ASR…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Kunal Dhawan , Dima Rekesh , Boris Ginsburg

Recent studies in zero-shot cross-lingual learning using multilingual models have falsified the previous hypothesis that shared vocabulary and joint pre-training are the keys to cross-lingual generalization. Inspired by this advancement, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Evangelia Gogoulou , Ariel Ekgren , Tim Isbister , Magnus Sahlgren

Practical needs of developing task-oriented dialogue assistants require the ability to understand many languages. Novel benchmarks for multilingual natural language understanding (NLU) include monolingual sentences in several languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Alexey Birshert , Ekaterina Artemova