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Related papers: A manual proof of the Four-colour Theorem

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We give a new proof of Lucas' Theorem in elementary number theory.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-21 Alexandre Laugier , Manjil P. Saikia

We present simple and direct proof to an important case of Nash-Moser-Ekeland theorem.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-05 Milen Ivanov , Nadia Zlateva

This article provides a simple proof of the quadratic formula, which also produces an efficient and natural method for solving general quadratic equations. The derivation is computationally light and conceptually natural, and has the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Po-Shen Loh

In this paper, we apply an equivalent color transform (ECT) for a minimal $k$-coloring of any graph $G$. It contracts each color class of the graph to a single vertex and produces a complete graph $K_k$ for $G$ by removing redundant edges…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Wenhong Tian

The famous four color theorem states that for all planar graphs, every vertex can be assigned one of 4 colors such that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. Since Francis Guthrie first conjectured it in 1852, it is until 1976…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2015-03-13 Jin Xu

We present a new proof of the known fact that the chromatic number of the plane is at least 5. The main difference of this proof is that it can be verified manually without the help of the computer.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-27 Jaan Parts

In this note we give a detailed proof of a theorem of Aubin.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-03-15 Farid Madani

This paper provides a new simple proof of Hesse's theorem in projective geometry for any dimension.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2020-01-29 Nicholas Phat Nguyen

We interpret the number of good four-colourings of the faces of a trivalent, spherical polyhedron as the 2-holonomy of the 2-connection of a fibered category, phi, modeled on Rep(sl(2)) and defined over the dual triangulation, T. We also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Romain Attal

We give a simple proof of the Fourier Inversion Theorem, using the methods of nonstandard analysis.

Logic · Mathematics 2013-11-08 Tristram de Piro

Standard proofs of Lusin's theorem, using simple functions, are sometimes quite elaborate. Here, we give a one-sentence proof of Lusin's theorem. We do not believe our approach, by way of inverse images, is new. However, this particular…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-11-01 Samuel J. Ferguson , Tianqi Wu

We give a concise proof of the fundamental theorem of smoothing theory in the special case when a smoothing exists.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2010-07-09 John R. Klein , Bruce Williams

We present a simple short proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, without complex analysis and with a minimal use of topology. It can be taught in a first year calculus class.

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2021-01-29 Ricardo Pérez-Marco

This appendix for our article, "Almost-rainbow edge-colorings of some small subgraphs", contains the full proof of Theorem 4.1.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-21 Elliot Krop , Irina Krop

This paper is a collection of thoughts and observations, being partly a review and partly a report of current research, on recent work in various aspects of Gr\"unbaum colorings, their existence and usage. In particular, one of the most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-10 S. Lawrencenko , M. N. Vyalyi , L. V. Zgonnik

We show, without using the Four Color Theorem, that for each planar triangulation, the number of its proper vertex colorings by 4 colors is a determinant and thus can be calculated in a polynomial time. In particular, we can efficiently…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-24 Martin Loebl

We give a simple direct proof of Fermat's two squares theorem. Our argument uses no intricate notions or ideas; one might say that it is a proof by careful bookkeeping. As such, the proof may be particularly easy to comprehend by students…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Gennady Bachman

The attempts to prove the Four Color Problem last for long years. A little hope arises that the properties of the minimal partial triangulations will be very useful for the solution of the Four Color Problem. That is why the material of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-06-04 Natalia Malinina

We prove the termination of 4-fold canonical flips.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Osamu Fujino

The aim of this short note is to present an elementary, self-contained, and direct proof for the classical Lebesgue decomposition theorem.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2014-04-08 Tamás Titkos