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One possible approach to tackle the class imbalance in classification tasks is to resample a training dataset, i.e., to drop some of its elements or to synthesize new ones. There exist several widely-used resampling methods. Recent research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Smolyakov Dmitry , Alexander Korotin , Pavel Erofeev , Artem Papanov , Evgeny Burnaev

In classification problems, the datasets are usually imbalanced, noisy or complex. Most sampling algorithms only make some improvements to the linear sampling mechanism of the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). Nevertheless,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-06 Min Li , Hao Zhou , Qun Liu , Yabin Shao , Guoying Wang

The location fingerprinting method, which typically utilizes supervised learning, has been widely adopted as a viable solution for the indoor positioning problem. Many indoor positioning datasets are imbalanced. Models trained on imbalanced…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-01 Fahad Alhomayani , Mohammad H. Mahoor

Learning from imbalanced data is one of the most significant challenges in real-world classification tasks. In such cases, neural networks performance is substantially impaired due to preference towards the majority class. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-13 Bronislav Yasinnik , Moshe Salhov , Ofir Lindenbaum , Amir Averbuch

In real-world applications, as data availability increases, obtaining labeled data for machine learning (ML) projects remains challenging due to the high costs and intensive efforts required for data annotation. Many ML projects,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ismail Hakki Karaman , Gulser Koksal , Levent Eriskin , Salih Salihoglu

This study examines the impact of class-imbalanced data on deep learning models and proposes a technique for data balancing by generating synthetic data for the minority class. Unlike random-based oversampling, our method prioritizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Hung Nguyen , Morris Chang

The collected data from industrial machines are often imbalanced, which poses a negative effect on learning algorithms. However, this problem becomes more challenging for a mixed type of data or while there is overlapping between classes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Masoumeh Zareapoor , Pourya Shamsolmoali , Jie Yang

Despite the enormous amount of data, particular events of interest can still be quite rare. Classification of rare events is a common problem in many domains, such as fraudulent transactions, malware traffic analysis and network intrusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Ivan Letteri , Antonio Di Cecco , Abeer Dyoub , Giuseppe Della Penna

In this study, we systematically investigate the impact of class imbalance on classification performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and compare frequently used methods to address the issue. Class imbalance is a common problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Mateusz Buda , Atsuto Maki , Maciej A. Mazurowski

There is often a mixture of very frequent labels and very infrequent labels in multi-label datatsets. This variation in label frequency, a type class imbalance, creates a significant challenge for building efficient multi-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Payel Sadhukhan , Arjun Pakrashi , Sarbani Palit , Brian Mac Namee

Online class imbalance learning constitutes a new problem and an emerging research topic that focusses on the challenges of online learning under class imbalance and concept drift. Class imbalance deals with data streams that have very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Kleanthis Malialis , Christos G. Panayiotou , Marios M. Polycarpou

Data scarcity and class imbalance are persistent challenges in training robust NLP models, especially in specialized domains or low-resource settings. We propose a novel technique, SMOTExT, that adapts the idea of Synthetic Minority…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mateusz Bystroński , Mikołaj Hołysz , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

K-means (MacQueen, 1967) [1] is one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithms that solve the well-known clustering problem. The procedure follows a simple and easy way to classify a given data set to a predefined, say K number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Srikanta Kolay , Kumar Sankar Ray , Abhoy Chand Mondal

Class imbalance, overlap, and noise degrade data quality, reduce model reliability, and limit generalization. Although widely studied in binary classification, these issues remain underexplored in multi-class settings, where complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Soufiane Bacha , Laouni Djafri , Sahraoui Dhelim , Huansheng Ning

In predictive tasks, real-world datasets often present different degrees of imbalanced (i.e., long-tailed or skewed) distributions. While the majority (the head) classes have sufficient samples, the minority (the tail) classes can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Chongsheng Zhang , Paolo Soda , Jingjun Bi , Gaojuan Fan , George Almpanidis , Salvador Garcia

Network traffic data is huge, varying and imbalanced because various classes are not equally distributed. Machine learning (ML) algorithms for traffic analysis uses the samples from this data to recommend the actions to be taken by the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-11-13 Raman Singh , Harish Kumar , R. K. Singla

Pattern recognition applications often suffer from skewed data distributions between classes, which may vary during operations w.r.t. the design data. Two-class classification systems designed using skewed data tend to recognize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Roghayeh Soleymani , Eric Granger , Giorgio Fumera

Class imbalance would lead to biased classifiers that favor the majority class and disadvantage the minority class. Unfortunately, from a practical perspective, the minority class is of importance in many real-life applications. Hybrid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wenbin Pei , Ruohao Dai , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Yiu-Ming Cheung , Shuyin Xia

The $k$-means algorithm (Lloyd's algorithm) is a widely used method for clustering unlabeled data. A key bottleneck of the $k$-means algorithm is that each iteration requires time linear in the number of data points, which can be expensive…

The problem of class imbalance is extensive for focusing on numerous applications in the real world. In such a situation, nearly all of the examples are labeled as one class called majority class, while far fewer examples are labeled as the…

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