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Observations of molecular clouds in metal-poor environments typically find that they have much higher star formation rates than one would expect based on their observed CO luminosities and the molecular gas masses that are inferred from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-04 Simon C. O. Glover , Paul C. Clark

We study the formation of molecular hydrogen on dust grain surfaces and apply our results to the high redshift universe. We find that a range of physical parameters, in particular dust temperature and gas temperature, but not so much dust…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 S. Cazaux , M. Spaans

We introduce a model for the explicit evolution of interstellar dust in a cosmological galaxy formation simulation. We post-process a simulation from the Cosmic Reionization on Computers project (CROC, Gnedin 2014), integrating an ordinary…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-30 Clarke J. Esmerian , Nickolay Y. Gnedin

The tight relation of star formation with molecular gas indicated by observations and assumed in recent models implies that the efficiency with which galaxies convert their gas into stars depends on gas metallicity. This is because the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Konstantinos Tassis , Nickolay Y. Gnedin , Andrey V. Kravtsov

CO is the most widely used gas tracer of protoplanetary disks. Its abundance is usually assumed to be an interstellar ratio throughout the warm molecular layer of the disk. But recent observations of low CO gas abundance in many…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-02 Ke Zhang , Edwin A. Bergin , Kamber R. Schwarz , Sebastiaan Krijt , Fred Ciesla

We use the IRAM HERACLES survey to study CO emission from 33 nearby spiral galaxies down to very low intensities. Using atomic hydrogen (HI) data, mostly from THINGS, we predict the local mean CO velocity from the mean HI velocity. By…

We combine the recent determination of the evolution of the cosmic density of molecular gas (H_2) using deep, volumetric surveys, with previous estimates of the cosmic density of stellar mass, star formation rate and atomic gas (HI), to…

We describe a phenomenological model for molecular hydrogen formation suited for applications in galaxy formation simulations, which includes on-equilibrium formation of molecular hydrogen on dust and approximate treatment of both its…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-28 Nickolay Y. Gnedin , Konstantinos Tassis , Andrey V. Kravtsov

We carried out 12CO(J=2-1) observations toward three star-forming galaxies on the main sequence at z~1.4 with the Nobeyama 45m radio telescope. These galaxies are detected with Spitzer/MIPS in 24 um, Herschel/SPIRE in 250 um and 350 um, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-22 Akifumi Seko , Kouji Ohta , Bunyo Hatsukade , Kiyoto Yabe , Tomoe Takeuchi , Daisuke Iono

We present a detailed description of a phenomenological H2 formation model and local star formation prescription based on the density of molecular (rather than total) gas. Such approach allows us to avoid the arbitrary density and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-01-28 Nickolay Y. Gnedin , Andrey V. Kravtsov

Among the key parameters defining the ISM of galaxies is the fraction of the metals that are locked up in dust: the metals-to-dust ratio. This ratio bears not only on the ISM and its evolution, but particularly on the origin of cosmic dust.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-03 Tayyaba Zafar , Darach Watson

Gas in protostellar disks provides the raw material for giant planet formation and controls the dynamics of the planetesimal-building dust grains. Accurate gas mass measurements help map the observed properties of planet-forming disks onto…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-31 Mo Yu , Neal J. Evans , Sarah E. Dodson-Robinson , Karen Willacy , Neal J. Turner

The dust abundance of the interstellar medium plays an important role in galaxy physics, the chemical evolution of matter and the absorption and re-emission of stellar light. The last years have seen a surge in observational and theoretical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-04-06 Gergö Popping , Céline Péroux

We develop one-zone galaxy formation models in the early Universe, taking into account dust formation and evolution by supernova (SN) explosions. Especially we focus on the time evolution of dust size distribution, because ${\rm H}_{2}$…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 Daisuke Yamasawa , Asao Habe , Takashi Kozasa , Takaya Nozawa , Hiroyuki Hirashita , Hideyuki Umeda , Ken'ichi Nomoto

The faint CO gases in debris disks are easily dissolved into C by UV irradiation, while CO can be reformed via reactions with hydrogen. The abundance ratio of C/CO could thus be a probe of the amount of hydrogen in the debris disks. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-14 Kazunari Iwasaki , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Aya E. Higuchi , Yuri Aikawa

[Abridged] Do some environments favor efficient conversion of molecular gas into stars? To answer this, we need to be able to estimate the H2 mass. Traditionally, this is done using CO and a few assumptions but the Herschel observations in…

We use a suite of hydrodynamics simulations of the interstellar medium (ISM) within a galactic disk, which include radiative transfer, a non-equilibrium model of molecular hydrogen, and a realistic model for star formation and feedback, to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-07 Ava Polzin , Andrey V. Kravtsov , Vadim A. Semenov , Nickolay Y. Gnedin

We present cosmological zoom-in hydro-dynamical simulations for the formation of disc galaxies, implementing dust evolution and dust promoted cooling of hot gas. We couple an improved version of our previous treatment of dust evolution,…

Using the observations of the star formation rate and HI densities to z ~ 4, with measurements of the Molecular Gas Depletion Rate (MGDR) and local density of H_2 at z = 0, we derive the history of the gas consumption by star formation to z…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Amber Bauermeister , Leo Blitz , Chung-Pei Ma