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Quantum work fluctuation theorem (FT) commonly requires the system initially prepared in an equilibrium state. Whether there exists universal exact quantum work FT for initial state beyond equilibrium needs further discussions. Here, I…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-12 Bao-Ming Xu

Quantum systems governed by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with $\PT$ symmetry are special in having real energy eigenvalues bounded below and unitary time evolution. We argue that $\PT$ symmetry may also be important and present at the level…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-30 Carl M Bender , Alexander Felski , S P Klevansky , Sarben Sarkar

The classical Jarzynski equality establishes an exact relation between the stochastic work performed on a system driven out of thermal equilibrium and the free energy difference in a corresponding quasi-static process. This fluctuation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Konstantin Beyer , Walter T. Strunz

More than 15 years ago, a new approach to quantum mechanics was suggested, in which Hermiticity of the Hamiltonian was to be replaced by invariance under a discrete symmetry, the product of parity and time-reversal symmetry, $\mathcal{PT}$.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-04 Kimball A. Milton , E. K. Abalo , Prachi Parashar , Nima Pourtolami , J. Wagner

We numerically study the work distributions in a chaotic system and examine the relationship between quantum work and classical work. Our numerical results suggest that there exists a correspondence principle between quantum and classical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-07-06 Long Zhu , Zongping Gong , Biao Wu , H. T. Quan

$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum mechanics has been considered an important theoretical framework for understanding physical phenomena in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric systems, with a number of $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry related applications. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-25 Da-Jian Zhang , Qing-hai Wang , Jiangbin Gong

Thermodynamics is the phenomenological theory of heat and work. Here we analyze to what extent quantum thermodynamic relations are immune to the underlying mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. As a main result, we show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-21 Bartłomiej Gardas , Sebastian Deffner , Avadh Saxena

We study quantum equivalents of non-commutative operators in quantum mechanics. Any matrix "$B$" satisfying the non-commuting relation $[A,B]\neq 0$ with "$A$", can be used via $B^{-1} AB$ to reproduce eigenvalues of "$A$". This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Biswanath Rath

A new formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics is presented and applied to a free, massive, and spin zero elementary particle in the Minkowski spacetime. The reformulation requires that time and space, as well as the timelike and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Bao D. Tran , Zdzislaw E. Musielak

An overview is given of recent advances in the nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of quantum systems and, especially, of time-reversal symmetry relations that have been discovered in this context. The systems considered are driven out of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Pierre Gaspard

PT-symmetric quantum theory was originally proposed with the aim of extending standard quantum theory by relaxing the Hermiticity constraint on Hamiltonians. However, no such extension has been formulated that consistently describes states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-26 Abhijeet Alase , Salini Karuvade , Carlo Maria Scandolo

Since the first suggestion of the Jarzynski equality many derivations of this equality have been presented in both, the classical and the quantum context. While the approaches and settings greatly differ from one to another, they all appear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-20 F. Jin , R. Steinigeweg , H. De Raedt , K. Michielsen , M. Campisi , J. Gemmer

Quantum (Poincar\'e) recurrence theorem are known for closed quantum (classical) systems. Can recurrence happen in open systems? We provide the recurrence theorem for open quantum systems via non-Hermitian (NH) description. We find that PT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-01 Zhihang Liu , Chao Zheng

Quantum thermodynamics allows for the interconversion of quantum coherence and mechanical work. Quantum coherence is thus a potential physical resource for quantum machines. However, formulating a general nonequilibrium thermodynamics of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Franklin L. S. Rodrigues , Eric Lutz

We review the proof of a conjecture concerning the reality of the spectra of certain PT-symmetric quantum mechanical systems, obtained via a connection between the theories of ordinary differential equations and integrable models. Spectral…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Patrick Dorey , Clare Dunning , Roberto Tateo

In this contribution, we aim to illustrate how quantum work statistics can be used as a tool in order to gain insight on the universal features of non-equilibrium many-body systems. Focusing on the two point measurement approach to work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 John Goold , Francesco Plastina , Andrea Gambassi , Alessandro Silva

It is generally assumed that a Hamiltonian for a physically acceptable quantum system (one that has a positive-definite spectrum and obeys the requirement of unitarity) must be Hermitian. However, a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian can also define…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-02 Carl M. Bender , Daniel W. Hook

Measurement-based quantum thermal machines are fascinating models of thermodynamic cycles where measurement protocols play an important role in the performance and functioning of the cycle. Despite theoretical advances, interesting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-13 Jonas F. G. Santos , Pritam Chattopadhyay

Firstly the fluctuation theorems (FT) for expended work in a driven nonequilibrium system, isolated or thermostatted, together with the ensuing Jarzynski work-energy (W-E) relationships, will be discussed and reobtained. Secondly, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-31 Carolyne M. Van Vliet

We study the commutation relations, uncertainty relations and spectra of position and momentum operators within the framework of quantum group % symmetric Heisenberg algebras and their (Bargmann-) Fock representations. As an effect of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-06 A. Kempf