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The Tunka-133 EAS Cherenkov light array: status of 2011

A new EAS Cherenkov light array, Tunka-133, with ~1 km^2 geometrical area has been installed at the Tunka Valley (50 km from Lake Baikal) in 2009. The array permits a detailed study of cosmic ray energy spectrum and mass composition in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 S. F. Berezhnev , D. Besson , A. V. Korobchenko , N. M. Budnev , A. Chiavassa , O. A. Chvalaev , O. A. Gress , A. N. Dyachok , S. N. Epimakhov , A. Haungs , N. I. Karpov , N. N. Kalmykov , E. N. Konstantinov , A. V. Korobchenko , E. E. Korosteleva , V. A. Kozhin , L. A. Kuzmichev , B. K. Lubsandorzhiev , N. B. Lubsandorzhiev , R. R. Mirgazov , M. I. Panasyuk , L. V. Pankov , E. G. Popova , V. V. Prosin , V. S. Ptuskin , Yu. A. Semeney , B. A. Shaibonov , A. A. Silaev , A. A. Silaev , A. V. Skurikhin , J. Snyder , C. Spiering , F. G. Schreoder , M. Stockham , L. G. Sveshnikova , R. Wischnewski , I. V. Yashin , A. V. Zagorodnikov

A parameterisation of the longitudinal Cherenkov emission profiles of gamma induced electromagnetic showers in the atmosphere in the GeV-TeV energy range

In gamma-ray astronomy through Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT), the atmosphere is used as a calorimeter. Incident gamma-rays in the GeV-TeV energy range are observed through the electromagnetic showers they produce in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-11-02 S. Sajjad , A. Falvard

Monte Carlo Studies of Geomagnetic Field Effects on the Imaging Air Cherenkov Technique for the MAGIC Telescope Site

Imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) detect the Cherenkov light from extensive air showers (EAS) initiated by very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays impinging on the Earth's atmosphere. Due to the overwhelming background from hadron induced…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 S. C. Commichau , A. Biland , J. L. Contreras , R. de los Reyes , A. Moralejo , J. Sitarek , D. Sobczynska

Correction method applied to MC simulated LST images affected by clouds

We present the results of a preliminary study of a correction method applied to the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope images affected by clouds. The studied data are Monte Carlo simulations made with CORSIKA, imitating the very high…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-29 Natalia Żywucka , Julian Sitarek , Dorota Sobczyńska , Mario Pecimotika , Dario Hrupec , Dijana Dominis Prester , Lovro Pavletić , Saša Mićanović

Reconstruction of inclined extensive air showers using radio signals: from arrival times and amplitudes to direction and energy

Radio detection is now an established technique for the study of ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays with energies above $\sim10^{17}$ eV. The next-generation of radio experiments aims to extend this technique to the observation of UHE…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-14 Marion Guelfand , Valentin Decoene , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Simon Prunet , Matías Tueros , Oscar Macias , Aurélien Benoit-Lévy

Simulating radio emission from air showers with CoREAS

CoREAS is a Monte Carlo code for the simulation of radio emission from extensive air showers. It implements the endpoint formalism for the calculation of electromagnetic radiation directly in CORSIKA. As such, it is parameter-free, makes no…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 T. Huege , M. Ludwig , C. W. James

A Multi-Level Parallel Pipeline for SPHERE-3 Detector Simulation: From EAS Generation to Image Approximation

Optimization of the SPHERE-3 detector configuration, designed to study the mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range 1--1000 PeV by registering Cherenkov light reflected from the snow surface, requires simulation of a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-11 V. A. Ivanov , V. I. Galkin , E. A. Bonvech , O. V. Cherkesova , D. V. Chernov , T. A. Kolodkin , N. O. Ovcharenko , D. A. Podgrudkov , T. M. Roganova , M. D. Ziva

ALTAI: Computational code for the simulations of TeV air showers as observed with the ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes

Ground-based atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes are proven to be effective instruments for observations of very high energy (VHE) gamma-radiation from celestial objects. For effective use of such technique one needs detailed Monte Carlo…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Konopelko , A. Plyasheshnikov

The simulation chain for the Terzina Cherenkov telescope on board the NUSES space mission

The Terzina telescope is designed to detect ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and Earth-skimming neutrinos from a 550 km low-Earth orbit (LEO) by observing Cherenkov light emitted by Extensive Air Showers (EAS) in the Earth's…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-06 M. Abdullahi , R. Aloisio , F. Arneodo , S. Ashurov , U. Atalay , F. C. T. Barbato , R. Battiston , M. Bertaina , E. Bissaldi , D. Boncioli , L. Burmistrov , F. Cadoux , I. Cagnoli , E. Casilli , D. Cortis , A. Cummings , M. D'Arco , S. Davarpanah , I. De Mitri , G. De Robertis , A. Di Giovanni , A. Di Salvo , L. Di Venere , J. Eser , Y. Favre , S. Fogliacco , G. Fontanella , P. Fusco , S. Garbolino , F. Gargano , M. Giliberti , F. Guarino , M. Heller , T. Ibrayev , R. Iuppa , A. Knyazev , J. F. Krizmanic , D. Kyratzis , F. Licciulli , A. Liguori , F. Loparco , L. Lorusso , M. Mariotti , M. N. Mazziotta , M. Mese , M. Mignone , T. Montaruli , R. Nicolaidis , F. Nozzoli , A. Olinto , D. Orlandi , G. Osteria , P. A. Palmieri , B. Panico , G. Panzarini , D. Pattanaik , L. Perrone , H. Pessoa Lima , R. Pillera , R. Rando , A. Rivetti , V. Rizi , A. Roy , F. Salamida , R. Sarkar , P. Savina , V. Scherini , V. Scotti , D. Serini , D. Shledewitz , I. Siddique , L. Silveri , A. Smirnov , R. A. Torres Saavedra , C. Trimarelli , P. Zuccon , S. C. Zugravel

Extending the observation limits of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes toward horizon

Usually the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, used for the ground-based gamma-ray astronomy in the very high energy range 50 GeV - 50 TeV, perform air shower observations till the zenith angle of ~60 deg. Beyond that limit the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-13 Razmik Mirzoyan , Ievgen Vovk , Michele Peresano , Petar Temnikov , Darko Zaric , Nikola Godinovic , Juliane van Scherpenberg , Juergen Besenrieder , Masahiro Teshima

Air shower fluorescence light simulations

A new approach to simulate fluorescence photons produced in extensive air showers is described. A Monte Carlo program based on CORSIKA produces the fluorescence photons for each charged particle in the development of the shower. This method…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vitor de Souza , Henrique M. J. Barbosa , Carola Dobrigkeit

Results and prospects on registration of reflected Cherenkov light of EAS from cosmic particles above 10^{15} eV

We give an overview of the SPHERE experiment based on detection of reflected Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation (Cherenkov light) from extensive air showers in the energy region E>10^{15} eV. A brief history of the reflected Cherenkov light…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-17 R. A. Antonov , T. V. Aulova , E. A. Bonvech , D. V. Chernov , T. A. Dzhatdoev , Mich. Finger , Mir. Finger , V. I. Galkin , D. A. Podgrudkov , T. M. Roganova

Energy Release in Air Showers

A simulation study of the energy released in air due to the development of an extensive air shower has been carried out using the CORSIKA code. The contributions to the energy release from different particle species and energies as well as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Markus Risse , Dieter Heck

The Cosmic Ray Mass Composition in the Energy Range 10^15 - 10^18 eV measured with the Tunka Array: Results and Perspectives

The final analysis of the Extensive Air Shower (EAS) maximum X_max depth distribution derived from the data of Tunka-25 atmospheric Cherenkov light array in the energy range 3.10^15 - 3.10^16 eV is presented. The perspectives of X_max…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-12-13 N. M. Budnev , O. A. Chvalaiev , O. A. Gress , N. N. Kalmykov , V. A. Kozhin , E. E. Korosteleva , L. A. Kuzmichev , B. K. Lubsandorzhiev , R. R. Mirgazov , G. Navarra , M. I. Panasyuk , L. V. Pankov , V. V. Prosin , V. S. Ptuskin , Yu. A. Semeney , B. A. Shaibonov-junior , A. A. Silaev , A. A. Silaev-junior , A. V. Skurikhin , C. Spiering , R. Wischnewski , I. V. Yashin , A. V. Zablotsky , A. V. Zagorodnikov

Investigating the ground energy distribution of particles produced in extensive air showers

The energy spectra of particles arriving at the ground is a significant observable in the analysis of extensive air showers (EAS). Energy distributions at ground were studied for primary particles (12C,56Fe, p, and 28Si) with high primary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-29 Itab F. Hussein , A. A. Al-Rubaiee

Calibration of the Air Shower Energy Scale of the Water and Air Cherenkov Techniques in the LHAASO experiment

The Wide Field-of-View Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) and the Water Cherenkov Detector Arrays (WCDA) of LHAASO are designed to work in combination for measuring the energy spectra of various cosmic ray species over a very wide energy…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 F. Aharonian , Q. An , Axikegu , L. X. Bai , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , H. Cai , J. T. Cai , Z. Cao Z. Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , X. C. Chang , B. M. Chen , J. Chen , L. Chen , L. Chen , L. Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. L. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , D. della Volpe , B. DEttorre Piazzoli , X. J. Dong , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , Z. X. Fan , J. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , Y. L. Feng , B. Gao , C. D. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , M. M. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , J. G. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , Y. A. Han , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. C. He , S. L. He , X. B. He , Y. He , M. Heller , Y. K. Hor , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. Hu , S. C. Hu , X. J. Hu , D. H. Huang , Q. L. Huang , W. H. Huang , X. T. Huang , Z. C. Huang , F. Ji , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , C. Jin , D. Kuleshov , K. Levochkin , B. B. Li , C. Li , C. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , H. Y. Li , J. Li , K. Li , W. L. Li , X. Li , X. Li , X. R. Li , Y. Li , Y. Z. Li , Z. Li , Z. Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , H. Liu , H. D. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. S. Liu , J. Y. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Z. X. Liu , W. J. Long , R. Lu , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , J. R. Mao , A. Masood , W. Mitthumsiri , T. Montaruli , Y. C. Nan , B. Y. Pang , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , M. Y. Qi , D. Ruffolo , V. Rulev , A. Saiz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , X. D. Sheng , J. R. Shi , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , P. H. T. Tam , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , B. D. Wang , C. Wang , H. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , J. S. Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. N. Wang , W. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Y. J. Wang , Y. P. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , S. Wu , X. Wu , X. F. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , G. Xiao , H. B. Xiao , G. G. Xin , Y. L. Xin , Y. Xing , D. L. Xu , R. X. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , C. W. Yang , F. F. Yang , J. Y. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , S. B. Yang , Y. H. Yao , Z. G. Yao , Y. M. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Y. H. Yu , Q. Yuan , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , Z. K. Zeng , M. Zha , X. X. Zhai , B. B. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , J. W. Zhang , L. Zhang , L. Zhang , L. X. Zhang , P. F. Zhang , P. P. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. F. Zhang , Y. L. Zhang , B. Zhao , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , F. Zheng , Y. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , X. Zuo

Cosmic-ray measurements with an array of Cherenkov telescopes using reconstruction of longitudinal profiles of air showers

We present a method to reconstruct the longitudinal profile of electrons in showers using Cherenkov telescopes. We show how the Cherenkov light collected by an array of telescopes can be transformed into the number of electrons as a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-12 Andrés G. Delgado Giler , Vitor de Souza

The effect of atmospheric attenuation on inclined cosmic ray air showers

The increasing cosmic ray statistics collected by present experiments and the future prospects with new large arrays demand accurate calculations of the extensive air shower parameters. The energy of the primary particle is estimated by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 M. T. Dova , L. N. Epele , A. G. Mariazzi

Zenith angle dependence of the cosmic ray rate as measured with Imaging air-Cherenkov Telescopes

The rate of extensive air-showers observed with imaging air-Cherenkov telescopes is zenith angle dependent. This effect originates from the increasing geometrical distance of the observed shower to the telescope with increasing zenith…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-12 Thomas Bretz

The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 10^15 eV as derived from air Cherenkov light measurements in Yakutsk

The Yakutsk array observes the Cherenkov light emitted by UHECR in atmosphere. Recently, an autonomous subarray is added consisting of photomultipliers to measure the showers in the knee region. Our aim is to analyze the combined data set…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. A. Ivanov , S. P. Knurenko , I. Ye. Sleptsov