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Related papers: Fixing a Broken ELBO

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Many important problems in the real world don't have unique solutions. It is thus important for machine learning models to be capable of proposing different plausible solutions with meaningful probability measures. In this work we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Di Qiu , Lok Ming Lui

Collecting paired training data is difficult in practice, but the unpaired samples broadly exist. Current approaches aim at generating synthesized training data from unpaired samples by exploring the relationship between the corrupted and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-13 Dihan Zheng , Xiaowen Zhang , Kaisheng Ma , Chenglong Bao

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are one class of generative probabilistic latent-variable models designed for inference based on known data. They balance reconstruction and regularizer terms. A variational approximation produces an evidence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-13 Robert I. Cukier

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are one of the powerful unsupervised learning frameworks in NLP for latent representation learning and latent-directed generation. The classic optimization goal of VAEs is to maximize the Evidence Lower Bound…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Jianfei Zhang , Jun Bai , Chenghua Lin , Yanmeng Wang , Wenge Rong

While much work on deep latent variable models of text uses continuous latent variables, discrete latent variables are interesting because they are more interpretable and typically more space efficient. We consider several approaches to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Shuning Jin , Sam Wiseman , Karl Stratos , Karen Livescu

We propose a method to facilitate exploration and analysis of new large data sets. In particular, we give an unsupervised deep learning approach to learning a latent representation that captures semantic similarity in the data set. The core…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Gary B Huang , Huei-Fang Yang , Shin-ya Takemura , Pat Rivlin , Stephen M Plaza

The standard margin-based structured prediction commonly uses a maximum loss over all possible structured outputs. The large-margin formulation including latent variables not only results in a non-convex formulation but also increases the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Kevin Bello , Jean Honorio

A framework to boost the efficiency of Bayesian inference in probabilistic programs is introduced by embedding a sampler inside a variational posterior approximation. We call it the refined variational approximation. Its strength lies both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Victor Gallego , David Rios Insua

Variational autoencoders learn distributions of high-dimensional data. They model data with a deep latent-variable model and then fit the model by maximizing a lower bound of the log marginal likelihood. VAEs can capture complex…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-01 Adji B. Dieng , Yoon Kim , Alexander M. Rush , David M. Blei

Latent traversal is a popular approach to visualize the disentangled latent representations. Given a bunch of variations in a single unit of the latent representation, it is expected that there is a change in a single factor of variation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Xinqi Zhu , Chang Xu , Dacheng Tao

The shortcomings of maximum likelihood estimation in the context of model-based reinforcement learning have been highlighted by an increasing number of papers. When the model class is misspecified or has a limited representational capacity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Evgenii Nikishin , Romina Abachi , Rishabh Agarwal , Pierre-Luc Bacon

Many problems in machine learning are naturally expressed in the language of undirected graphical models. Here, we propose black-box learning and inference algorithms for undirected models that optimize a variational approximation to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Volodymyr Kuleshov , Stefano Ermon

Powerful generative models, particularly in Natural Language Modelling, are commonly trained by maximizing a variational lower bound on the data log likelihood. These models often suffer from poor use of their latent variable, with ad-hoc…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-13 Alex Mansbridge , Roberto Fierimonte , Ilya Feige , David Barber

Unsupervised discovery of latent representations, in addition to being useful for density modeling, visualisation and exploratory data analysis, is also increasingly important for learning features relevant to discriminative tasks.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-10-27 Jasper Snoek , Ryan Prescott Adams , Hugo Larochelle

Unsupervised and semi-supervised ML methods such as variational autoencoders (VAE) have become widely adopted across multiple areas of physics, chemistry, and materials sciences due to their capability in disentangling representations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Arpan Biswas , Rama Vasudevan , Maxim Ziatdinov , Sergei V. Kalinin

Multiple data types naturally co-occur when describing real-world phenomena and learning from them is a long-standing goal in machine learning research. However, existing self-supervised generative models approximating an ELBO are not able…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Thomas M. Sutter , Imant Daunhawer , Julia E. Vogt

Understanding whether deep neural networks are effectively optimized remains challenging, as training occurs in highly nonconvex landscapes and standard metrics provide limited visibility into layer-wise learning quality. This challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Arian Eamaz , Farhang Yeganegi , Mojtaba Soltanalian

Capturing latent variations ("contexts") is key to deploying reinforcement-learning (RL) agents beyond their training regime. We recast context-based RL as a dual inference-control problem and formally characterize two properties and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yuliang Gu , Hongpeng Cao , Marco Caccamo , Naira Hovakimyan

There has been much recent, exciting work on combining the complementary strengths of latent variable models and deep learning. Latent variable modeling makes it easy to explicitly specify model constraints through conditional independence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Yoon Kim , Sam Wiseman , Alexander M. Rush

Closed-loop learning is the process of repeatedly estimating a model from data generated from the model itself. It is receiving great attention due to the possibility that large neural network models may, in the future, be primarily trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Fariba Jangjoo , Matteo Marsili , Yasser Roudi