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High quality, fully-programmable quantum processors are available with small numbers (<1000) of qubits, and the scientific potential of these near term machines is not well understood. If the small number of physical qubits precludes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 Wesley C. Campbell

Quantum error correcting codes are designed to pinpoint exactly when and where errors occur in quantum circuits. This feature is the foundation of their primary task: to support fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, this feature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 James R. Wootton

Quantum error correction was invented to allow for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Systems with topological order turned out to give a natural physical realization of quantum error correcting codes (QECC) in their groundspaces. More…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Fernando G. S. L. Brandao , Elizabeth Crosson , M. Burak Şahinoğlu , John Bowen

Whether it is at the fabrication stage or during the course of the quantum computation, e.g. because of high-energy events like cosmic rays, the qubits constituting an error correcting code may be rendered inoperable. Such defects may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Adam Siegel , Armands Strikis , Thomas Flatters , Simon Benjamin

It is often assumed that the ancilla qubits required for encoding a qubit in quantum error correction (QEC) have to be in pure states, $|00...0>$ for example. In this letter, we seek an encoding scheme, in which the ancillae may be in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-21 Yasushi Kondo , Chiara Bagnasco , Mikio Nakahara

The essential insight of quantum error correction was that quantum information can be protected by suitably encoding this quantum information across multiple independently erred quantum systems. Recently it was realized that, since the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dave Bacon , Andrea Casaccino

Given their potential for fault-tolerant operations, topological quantum states are currently the focus of intense activity. Of particular interest are topological quantum error correction codes, such as the surface and planar stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Pengcheng Liao , David L. Feder

Contrary to the assumption that most quantum error-correcting codes (QECC) make, it is expected that phase errors are much more likely than bit errors in physical devices. By employing the entanglement-assisted stabilizer formalism, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-27 Yuichiro Fujiwara , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes are quantum codes defined over biased quantum channels: qubit-flip and phase-shift errors may have equal or different probabilities. The code construction is the Calderbank-Shor-Steane construction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Johan P. Hansen

Quantum graph state is a special class of nonlocal state among multiple quantum particles, underpinning several nonclassical and promising applications such as quantum computing and quantum secret sharing. Recently, establishing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Tingxiang Ji , Jianqing Liu , Zheshen Zhang

Debugging quantum states transformations is an important task of modern quantum computing. The use of quantum tomography for these purposes significantly expands the range of possibilities. However, the presence of preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 B. I. Bantysh , Yu. I. Bogdanov

For a set of quantum states generated by the action of a group, we consider the graph obtained by considering two group elements adjacent whenever the corresponding states are non-orthogonal. We analyze the structure of the connected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-03 Giulio Chiribella , Yuxiang Yang

Hypergraph states form a family of multiparticle quantum states that generalizes the well-known concept of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, cluster states, and more broadly graph states. We study the nonlocal properties of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-23 Mariami Gachechiladze , Costantino Budroni , Otfried Gühne

Hypergraph states are multi-qubit states that form a subset of the locally maximally entangleable states and a generalization of the well--established notion of graph states. Mathematically, they can conveniently be described by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-11 O. Gühne , M. Cuquet , F. E. S. Steinhoff , T. Moroder , M. Rossi , D. Bruß , B. Kraus , C. Macchiavello

Quantum error correction is required to compensate for the fragility of the state of a quantum computer. We report the first experimental implementations of quantum error correction and confirm the expected state stabilization. In NMR…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 D. G. Cory , W. Mass , M. Price , E. Knill , R. Laflamme , W. H. Zurek , T. F. Havel , S. S. Somaroo

Performing active quantum error correction to protect fragile quantum states highly depends on the correctness of error information--error syndromes. To obtain reliable error syndromes using imperfect physical circuits, we propose the idea…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-05 Alexei Ashikhmin , Ching-Yi Lai , Todd Brun

Graphs are closely related to quantum error-correcting codes: every stabilizer code is locally equivalent to a graph code, and every codeword stabilized code can be described by a graph and a classical code. For the construction of good…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-31 Salman Beigi , Isaac Chuang , Markus Grassl , Peter Shor , Bei Zeng

Quantum information can be protected from decoherence and other errors, but only if these errors are sufficiently rare. For quantum computation to become a scalable technology, practical schemes for quantum error correction that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-13 Ashley M. Stephens , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

Known quantum error correction schemes are typically able to take advantage of only a limited class of classical error-correcting codes. Entanglement-assisted quantum error correction is a partial solution which made it possible to exploit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-24 Yuichiro Fujiwara

Non-symmetric GHZ states ($n$-GHZ$_\alpha$), defined by unequal superpositions of $|00...0>$ and $|11...1>$, naturally emerge in experiments due to decoherence, control errors, and state preparation imperfections. Despite their relevance in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Hrachya Zakaryan , Konstantinos-Rafail Revis , Zahra Raissi