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How can we perform efficient inference and learning in directed probabilistic models, in the presence of continuous latent variables with intractable posterior distributions, and large datasets? We introduce a stochastic variational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-13 Diederik P Kingma , Max Welling

Feedback optimization enables autonomous optimality seeking of a dynamical system through its closed-loop interconnection with iterative optimization algorithms. Among various iteration structures, model-based approaches require the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Zhiyu He , Saverio Bolognani , Michael Muehlebach , Florian Dörfler

Bayesian meta-learning enables robust and fast adaptation to new tasks with uncertainty assessment. The key idea behind Bayesian meta-learning is empirical Bayes inference of hierarchical model. In this work, we extend this framework to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Yayi Zou , Xiaoqi Lu

The most data-efficient algorithms for reinforcement learning (RL) in robotics are based on uncertain dynamical models: after each episode, they first learn a dynamical model of the robot, then they use an optimization algorithm to find a…

The theory of deep learning focuses almost exclusively on supervised learning, non-convex optimization using stochastic gradient descent, and overparametrized neural networks. It is common belief that the optimizer dynamics, network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Xinyi Chen , Edgar Minasyan , Jason D. Lee , Elad Hazan

Deep reinforcement learning includes a broad family of algorithms that parameterise an internal representation, such as a value function or policy, by a deep neural network. Each algorithm optimises its parameters with respect to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Zhongwen Xu , Hado van Hasselt , Matteo Hessel , Junhyuk Oh , Satinder Singh , David Silver

This scientific paper propose a novel portfolio optimization model using an improved deep reinforcement learning algorithm. The objective function of the optimization model is the weighted sum of the expectation and value at risk(VaR) of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Boyi Jin

Gradient regularization (GR) is a method that penalizes the gradient norm of the training loss during training. While some studies have reported that GR can improve generalization performance, little attention has been paid to it from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Ryo Karakida , Tomoumi Takase , Tomohiro Hayase , Kazuki Osawa

Model-agnostic meta-reinforcement learning requires estimating the Hessian matrix of value functions. This is challenging from an implementation perspective, as repeatedly differentiating policy gradient estimates may lead to biased Hessian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Yunhao Tang , Tadashi Kozuno , Mark Rowland , Rémi Munos , Michal Valko

Solving for adversarial examples with projected gradient descent has been demonstrated to be highly effective in fooling the neural network based classifiers. However, in the black-box setting, the attacker is limited only to the query…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Seungyong Moon , Gaon An , Hyun Oh Song

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) connects the classic Reinforcement Learning algorithms with Deep Neural Networks. A problem in DRL is that CNNs are black-boxes and it is hard to understand the decision-making process of agents. In order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Matthias Rosynski , Frank Kirchner , Matias Valdenegro-Toro

In computational reinforcement learning, a growing body of work seeks to express an agent's model of the world through predictions about future sensations. In this manuscript we focus on predictions expressed as General Value Functions:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Alex Kearney , Anna Koop , Johannes Günther , Patrick M. Pilarski

Modern deep models are often pretrained on large-scale data with missing labels using composite objectives, where the relative weights of multiple loss terms act as hyperparameters. Tuning these weights with random search or Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ivan Karpukhin , Andrey Savchenko

The success of deep learning over the past decade mainly relies on gradient-based optimisation and backpropagation. This paper focuses on analysing the performance of first-order gradient-based optimisation algorithms, gradient descent and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-08 Behnam Mafakheri , Iman Shames , Jonathan H. Manton

Variational inference (VI) can be cast as an optimization problem in which the variational parameters are tuned to closely align a variational distribution with the true posterior. The optimization task can be approached through vanilla…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Dai Hai Nguyen , Tetsuya Sakurai , Hiroshi Mamitsuka

Deep learning optimization exhibits structure that is not captured by worst-case gradient bounds. Empirically, gradients along training trajectories are often temporally predictable and evolve within a low-dimensional subspace. In this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Anherutowa Calvo

One less addressed issue of deep reinforcement learning is the lack of generalization capability based on new state and new target, for complex tasks, it is necessary to give the correct strategy and evaluate all possible actions for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Mincong Luo , Yin Tong , Jiachi Liu

Several low-bandwidth distributable black-box optimization algorithms in the family of finite differences such as Evolution Strategies have recently been shown to perform nearly as well as tailored Reinforcement Learning methods in some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Matthew Allen , John Raisbeck , Hakho Lee

While stochastic variational inference is relatively well known for scaling inference in Bayesian probabilistic models, related methods also offer ways to circumnavigate the approximation of analytically intractable expectations. The key…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-09-08 David A. Knowles

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have garnered significant attention for their versatility and potential for solving a wide spectrum of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the cost of running these PLMs may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Chengcheng Han , Liqing Cui , Renyu Zhu , Jianing Wang , Nuo Chen , Qiushi Sun , Xiang Li , Ming Gao