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The properties of the stable distance over stable spacetimes are used as a reference to propose a simplified, abstract notion of spacetime. The discussion shows that spacetime, with its topology, causal order and (upper semi-continuous)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-23 Ettore Minguzzi

I propose that Physics should be formulated using minimal mathematical structure, beginning with its foundational arena: spacetime. This paper opens with a concise overview of several research directions explored in previous work. Among…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-19 Ettore Minguzzi

In this work, we seek characterizations of global hyperbolicity in smooth Lorentzian manifolds that do not rely on the manifold topology and that are inspired by metric geometry. In particular, strong causality is not assumed, so part of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-07 A. Bykov , E. Minguzzi

The folk questions in Lorentzian Geometry, which concerns the smoothness of time functions and slicings by Cauchy hypersurfaces, are solved by giving simple proofs of: (a) any globally hyperbolic spacetime $(M,g)$ admits a smooth time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Antonio N. Bernal , Miguel Sánchez

We present test results for the smooth lattice method using an Oppenheimer-Snyder spacetime. The results are in excellent agreement with theory and numerical results from other authors.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Leo Brewin , Jules Kajtar

We show that the random adjacency matrices induced by the chronological relations and i.i.d. samples of two spacetimes coincide in law if and only if the spacetimes in question are smoothly isometric. A similar result holds for weighted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-03 Mathias Braun

The time separation function (or Lorentzian distance function) is a fundamental object used in Lorentzian geometry. For smooth spacetimes it is known to be lower semicontinuous, and in fact, continuous for globally hyperbolic spacetimes.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-02 Eric Ling

A classical result in Lorentzian geometry states that a strongly causal spacetime is globally hyperbolic if and only if the Lorentzian distance is finite valued for every metric choice in the conformal class. It is proven here that a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-06-24 E. Minguzzi

We provide a short introduction to ``Lorentzian metric spaces" i.e., spacetimes defined solely in terms of the two-point Lorentzian distance. As noted in previous work, this structure is essentially unique if minimal conditions are imposed,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-23 E. Minguzzi

What is the distance between two points in spacetime? This is a basic geometric question, which so far has no single, definitive answer. Unlike their Riemannian cousins, Lorentzian manifolds are not known to carry a canonical distance…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-09 Carlos Vega

Geroch's theorem about the splitting of globally hyperbolic spacetimes is a central result in global Lorentzian Geometry. Nevertheless, this result was obtained at a topological level, and the possibility to obtain a metric (or, at least,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Antonio N. Bernal , Miguel Sánchez

Connes' functional formula of the Riemannian distance is generalized to the Lorentzian case using the so-called Lorentzian distance, the d'Alembert operator and the causal functions of a globally hyperbolic spacetime. As a step of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 V. Moretti

We develop causality theory for upper semi-continuous distributions of cones over manifolds generalizing results from mathematical relativity in two directions: non-round cones and non-regular differentiability assumptions. We prove the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-06 E. Minguzzi

We introduce an analogue of the theory of length spaces into the setting of Lorentzian geometry and causality theory. The r\^ole of the metric is taken over by the time separation function, in terms of which all basic notions are…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-11-07 Michael Kunzinger , Clemens Sämann

In this work we provide the full description of the upper levels of the classical causal ladder for spacetimes in the context of Lorenztian length spaces, thus establishing the hierarchy between them. We also show that global hyperbolicity,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-16 L. Ake Hau , Armando J. Cabrera Pacheco , Didier A. Solis

Every time function on spacetime gives a (continuous) total preordering of the spacetime events which respects the notion of causal precedence. The problem of the existence of a (semi-)time function on spacetime and the problem of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-06-23 E. Minguzzi

Timelike sectional curvature bounds play an important role in spacetime geometry, both for the understanding of classical smooth spacetimes and for the study of Lorentzian (pre-)length spaces introduced in \cite{kunzinger2018lorentzian}. In…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Tobias Beran , Michael Kunzinger , Argam Ohanyan , Felix Rott

It is well-known that global hyperbolicity implies that the Lorentzian distance is finite and continuous. By carefully analysing the causes of discontinuity of the Lorentzian distance, we show that in most other respects the finiteness and…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-03-07 Adam Rennie , Ben Whale

I introduce a family of closeness functions between causal Lorentzian geometries of finite volume and arbitrary underlying topology. When points are randomly scattered in a Lorentzian manifold, with uniform density according to the volume…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Luca Bombelli

A simple proof is given that every globally hyperbolic spacetime admits a smooth Cauchy steep time function. This result is useful in order to show that globally hyperbolic spacetimes can be isometrically embedded in Minkowski spacetimes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-28 E. Minguzzi
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