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Related papers: A 4D-Var Method with Flow-Dependent Background Cov…

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This paper applies variational data assimilation to inundation problems governed by the shallow water equations with wetting and drying. The objective of the assimilation is to recover an unknown time-varying wave profile at an open ocean…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-06-07 S. W Funke , P. E Farrell , M. D. Piggott

An important class of nonlinear weighted least-squares problems arises from the assimilation of observations in atmospheric and ocean models. In variational data assimilation, inverse error covariance matrices define the weighting matrices…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Olivier Goux , Selime Gürol , Anthony T. Weaver , Oliver Guillet , Youssef Diouane

Four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) is a cornerstone of numerical weather prediction, but its cost function is difficult to optimize and computationally intensive. We propose a neural field-based reformulation in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jaemin Oh

Estimating background-error covariances remains a core challenge in variational data assimilation (DA). Operational systems typically approximate these covariances by transformations that separate geostrophically balanced components from…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Boštjan Melinc , Uroš Perkan , Žiga Zaplotnik

4D-variational data assimilation is applied to the Lorenz '63 model to introduce a new method for parameter estimation in chaotic climate models. The approach aims to optimise an Earth system model (ESM), for which no adjoint exists, by…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Philip David Kennedy , Abhirup Banerjee , Armin Köhl , Detlef Stammer

In this study, we propose an improved version of the nonlinear shallow water (or Saint-Venant) equations. This new model is designed to take into account the effects resulting from the large spacial and/or temporal variations of the seabed.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-02-20 Denys Dutykh , Didier Clamond

The integration of observational data into numerical models, known as data assimilation (DA), is fundamental for making Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) possible, with breathtaking success over the past 60 years (Bauer et al. 2015).…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Jan D. Keller , Roland Potthast

Data assimilation techniques are widely used to predict complex dynamical systems with uncertainties, based on time-series observation data. Error covariance matrices modelling is an important element in data assimilation algorithms which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Sibo Cheng , Mingming Qiu

We interpret the 4D-var data assimilation problem for a parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) in the context of optimal control and revisit the process of deriving optimality conditions for an initial control problem. This is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Carmen Gräßle , Jannis Marquardt

This paper discusses the practical use of the saddle variational formulation for the weakly-constrained 4D-VAR method in data assimilation. It is shown that the method, in its original form, may produce erratic results or diverge because of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-31 S. Gratton , S. Gürol , E. Simon , Ph. L. Toint

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) provides high resolution images of the subsurface by exploiting information in the recorded seismic waveforms. This is achieved by solving a highly nonnlinear and nonunique inverse problem. Bayesian…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-02-22 Xin Zhang , Angus Lomas , Muhong Zhou , York Zheng , Andrew Curtis

Accurate robot odometry is essential for autonomous navigation. While numerous techniques have been developed based on various sensor suites, odometry estimation using only radar and IMU remains an underexplored area. Radar proves…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lucia Coto Elena , Fernando Caballero , Luis Merino

A variational data assimilation technique was used to estimate optimal discretization of interpolation operators and derivatives in the nodes adjacent to the rigid boundary. Assimilation of artificially generated observational data in the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2012-12-17 Eugene Kazantsev

We propose a data-driven algorithm for reconstructing the irregular, chaotic flow dynamics around two side-by-side square cylinders from sparse, time-resolved, velocity measurements in the wake. We use Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-09-08 Flavio Savarino , George Papadakis

Accurately representing surface weather at the sub-kilometer scale is crucial for optimal decision-making in a wide range of applications. This motivates the use of statistical techniques to provide accurate and calibrated probabilistic…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Francesco Zanetta , Daniele Nerini , Matteo Buzzi , Henry Moss

In the present study, we propose a modified version of the Nonlinear Shallow Water Equations (Saint-Venant or NSWE) for irrotational surface waves in the case when the bottom undergoes some significant variations in space and time. The…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-02-20 Denys Dutykh , Didier Clamond

The objective of this work is to provide high-resolution rain rate maps at short lead-time forecasts (nowcasts) necessary to anticipate flooding and properly manage sewage systems in urban areas by combining radars, rain gauges, and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Blandine Bianchi , Peter Jan van Leeuwen , Robin J. Hogan , Alexis Berne

The rotating shallow water model is a simplification of oceanic and atmospheric general circulation models that are used in many applications such as surge prediction, tsunami tracking and ocean modelling. In this paper we introduce a class…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-03-22 Oana Lang , Dan Crisan , Etienne Mémin

Recently, 4D millimetre-wave radar exhibits more stable perception ability than LiDAR and camera under adverse conditions (e.g. rain and fog). However, low-quality radar points hinder its application, especially the odometry task that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhiheng Li , Yubo Cui , Ningyuan Huang , Chenglin Pang , Zheng Fang

For many years, strongly and weakly constrained approaches were the only options to deal with errors in four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar), with the aim of balancing the degrees of freedom and model constraints. Strong…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 Xiangjun Tian , Hongqin Zhang , Zhe Jin , Min Zhao , Yilong Wang , Yinhai Luo , Ziqing Zhang , Yanyan Tan