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Transient plasma events, such as plasma disruptions, are anticipated in the future magnetic-confinement nuclear fusion reactors. The events are accompanied by a rapid change in the magnetic field generated by the plasma current and,…
We discuss the effects of nonhomogeneous magnetic fields in liquid metal flows in two different configurations. In the first configuration, we briefly report the impact of fringing magnetic fields in a turbulent Rayleigh-B{\'e}nard…
Thermal convection in an electrically conducting fluid (for example, a liquid metal) in the presence of a static magnetic field is considered in this chapter. The focus is on the extreme states of the flow, in which both buoyancy and…
The paper presents 3D numerical results for the laminar liquid metal flow in a rectangular duct compared with experimental results. It is shown that the magnetic interaction parameter $N$ is the main parameter governing the flow provided…
In this work we study numerically the influence of a homogeneous electrical field on the fluid and heat transfer phenomena at macroscale and mesoscale during unidirectional solidification of a binary metal alloy. The numerical results…
Experimental studies were carried out on the motions and transformations of liquid metal in ionic liquid under applied electric field. The induced vortex rings and flows of ionic liquid were determined via the photographs taken sequentially…
Liquid metal batteries are proposed for low-cost grid scale energy storage. During their operation, solid intermetallic phases often form in the cathode and are known to limit the capacity of the cell. Fluid flow in the liquid electrodes…
Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) were recently proposed as cheap large scale energy storage. Such devices are urgently required for balancing highly fluctuating renewable energy sources. During discharge, intermetallic phases tend to form in…
We predict a novel flow regime in liquid metals under the influence of a magnetic field. It is characterised by long periods of nearly steady, two-dimensional flow interrupted by violent three-dimensional bursts. Our prediction has been…
Electromechanical actuators exploit the Lorentz force law to convert electrical energy into rotational or linear mechanical energy. In these electromagnetically induced motions, the electrical current flows through wires that are rigid and…
A physically consistent approach is considered for defining an external magnetic field as needed in computational fluid dynamics problems involving magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The approach results in simple analytical formulae that can be…
The flow of a liquid metal (LM) in a rectangular duct segment, subject to a uniform transverse magnetic field and uniform heating at the side walls is explored in an ample parameter space using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). We modify…
The linear stability of electrically driven flow of liquid metal in circular channel in the presence of vertical magnetic field is studied. It is shown that the instability threshold of such flow is determined by magnetorotational…
The design and performance of liquid metal batteries, a new technology for grid-scale energy storage, depend on fluid mechanics because the battery electrodes and electrolytes are entirely liquid. Here we review prior and current research…
Heat conduction in ionized plasmas in the presence of magnetic fields is today a fashionable problem. The kinetic theory of plasmas, in the context of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, predicts a Hall-effect-like heat flow due to the presence…
We study all the possibilities of producing rotating flow in an incompressible fluid by electric and magnetic fields. We start with a general theoretical basis and look for different configurations and set-ups which electric/magnetic field…
We review recent theoretical advances on controlling the fluid-fluid phase transition with electric fields. Using a mean-field approach, we compare the effects of uniform versus non-uniform electric fields, and show how non-uniform fields…
We investigate the fully developed flow between two parallel plates and the film flow over a plate in an electrically conducting fluid under the action of a parallel Lorentz force. Exact analytical solutions are derived for velocity, flow…
The room temperature liquid metal is quickly emerging as an important functional material in a variety of areas like chip cooling, 3D printing or printed electronics etc. With diverse capabilities in electrical, thermal and flowing…
Liquid metal walls in fusion reactors will be subject to instabilities, turbulence, induced currents, error fields and temperature gradients that will make them locally bulge, thus entering in contact with the plasma, or deplete, hence…