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A function is diagonally non-computable (d.n.c.) if it diagonalizes against the universal partial computable function. D.n.c. functions play a central role in algorithmic randomness and reverse mathematics. Flood and Towsner asked for which…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-12-03 Ludovic Patey

In Apt and Bezem [AB99] (see cs.LO/9811017) we provided a computational interpretation of first-order formulas over arbitrary interpretations. Here we complement this work by introducing a denotational semantics for first-order logic.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Krzysztof R. Apt

We demonstrate that techniques of Weihrauch complexity can be used to get easy and elegant proofs of known and new results on initial value problems. Our main result is that solving continuous initial value problems is Weihrauch equivalent…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Vasco Brattka , Hendrik Smischliaew

We deal with the random combinatorial structures called assemblies. By weakening the logarithmic condition which assures regularity of the number of components of a given order, we extend the notion of logarithmic assemblies. Using the…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-03-06 Eugenijus Manstavičius

The Bodirsky-Pinsker conjecture asserts a P vs. NP-complete dichotomy for the computational complexity of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) of first-order reducts of finitely bounded homogeneous structures. Prominently, two structures…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Roman Feller , Michael Pinsker

Strong typicality and the Markov lemma have been used in the proofs of several multiterminal source coding theorems. Since these two tools can be applied to finite alphabets only, the results proved by them are subject to the same…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-06-03 Siu-Wai Ho

In this paper, we propose a weak regularity principle which is similar to both weak K\"onig's lemma and Ramsey's theorem. We begin by studying the computational strength of this principle in the context of reverse mathematics. We then…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-02-12 Stephen Flood

The first-order part of the Ramsey's Theorem for pairs with an arbitrary number of colors is known to be precisely BSigma03. We compare this to the known division of Ramsey's Theorem for pairs into the weaker principles, EM (the…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-07-13 Henry Towsner , Keita Yokoyama

We prove upper and lower bounds on the effective content and logical strength for a variety of natural restrictions of Hindman's Finite Sums Theorem. For example, we show that Hindman's Theorem for sums of length at most 2 and 4 colors…

A major open problem in computational complexity is the existence of a one-way function, namely a function from strings to strings which is computationally easy to compute but hard to invert. Levin (2023) formulated the notion of one-way…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-21 George Barmpalias , Xiaoyan Zhang

We show that for every finite colouring of the natural numbers there exists $a,b >1$ such that the triple $\{a,b,a^b\}$ is monochromatic. We go on to show the partition regularity of a much richer class of patterns involving exponentiation.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-24 Julian Sahasrabudhe

We characterize the strength, in terms of Weihrauch degrees, of certain problems related to Ramsey-like theorems concerning colourings of the rationals and of the natural numbers. The theorems we are chiefly interested in assert the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Arno Pauly , Cécilia Pradic , Giovanni Solda

We study the computational expressivity of proof systems with fixed point operators, within the 'proofs-as-programs' paradigm. We start with a calculus muLJ (due to Clairambault) that extends intuitionistic logic by least and greatest…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Gianluca Curzi , Anupam Das

This paper describes Simpson's paradox, and explains its serious implications for randomised control trials. In particular, we show that for any number of variables we can simulate the result of a controlled trial which uniformly points to…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-04 Norman Fenton , Martin Neil , Anthony Constantinou

We reveal a connection between the incompressibility method and the Lovasz local lemma in the context of Ramsey theory. We obtain bounds by repeatedly encoding objects of interest and thereby compressing strings. The method is demonstrated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-04-07 Pascal Schweitzer

Let $\mathsf{TT}^1$ be the combinatorial principle stating that every finite coloring of the infinite full binary tree has a homogeneous isomorphic subtree. Let $\mathsf{RT}^2_2$ and $\mathsf{WKL}_0$ denote respectively the principles of…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-10-13 Chitat Chong , Wei Wang , Yue Yang

We introduce a notion of computable randomness for infinite sequences that generalises the classical version in two important ways. First, our definition of computable randomness is associated with imprecise probability models, in the sense…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-23 Floris Persiau , Jasper De Bock , Gert de Cooman

We investigate the order of the variance of the optimal alignments score of two independent iid binary random words having the same length. The letters are equiprobable, but the scoring function is such that one letter has a larger score…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-17 Christian Houdré , Heinrich Matzinger

An open question of Gruenhage asks if all strategically selectively separable spaces are Markov selectively separable, a game-theoretic statement known to hold for countable spaces. As a corollary of a result by Berner and Juh$\acute{a}$sz,…

General Topology · Mathematics 2019-07-12 Steven Clontz , Alexander V. Osipov

Multivariate information theory provides a general and principled framework for understanding how the components of a complex system are connected. Existing analyses are coarse in nature -- built up from characterizations of discrete…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Kieran A. Murphy , Yujing Zhang , Dani S. Bassett