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The theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) encodes the strong interactions that bind quarks and gluons into nucleons and that bind nucleons into nuclei. Predictive control of QCD would allow nuclear structure and reactions as well as…
A systematic analysis of the structure of single-baryon correlation functions calculated with lattice QCD is performed, with a particular focus on characterizing the structure of the noise associated with quantum fluctuations. The…
Lattice QCD at finite baryon chemical potential has the infamous sign problem which hinders Monte Carlo simulations. This can be remedied by a dual representation that makes the sign problem mild. In the strong coupling limit, the dual…
Path integrals describing quantum many-body systems can be calculated with Monte Carlo sampling techniques, but average quantities are often subject to signal-to-noise ratios that degrade exponentially with time. A phase-reweighting…
We compare higher moments of baryon numbers measured at the RHIC heavy ion collision experiments with those by the lattice QCD calculations. We employ the canonical approach, in which we can access the real chemical potential regions…
I review recent developments in determining the QCD phase diagram by means of lattice simulations. Since the invention of methods to side-step the sign problem a few years ago, a number of additional variants have been proposed, and…
We show how sign problems in simulations of many-body systems can manifest themselves in the form of heavy-tailed correlator distributions, similar to what is seen in electron propagation through disordered media. We propose an alternative…
Two-point correlation functions of systems with baryon number $B \in \{1,2,3,4\}$ are investigated using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). In particular, the empirical distributions of importance-sampling Monte-Carlo samples of these…
Lattice Field theory allows to extract properties of particles in strongly coupled quantum field theories by studying Euclidean vacuum expectation values. When estimated from numerical Monte Carlo simulations these are typically affected by…
The correlation between baryon number and strangeness elucidates the nature of strongly interacting matter, such as that formed transiently in high-energy nuclear collisions. This diagnostic can be extracted theoretically from lattice QCD…
The sign problem obstructs the determination of the QCD phase diagram in the temperature-baryon chemical potential plane using lattice QCD. We review the sign problem in QCD and related field theories, including applications to real-time…
In this review, I recall the nature and the inevitability of the "sign problem" which plagues attempts to simulate lattice QCD at finite baryon density. I present the main approaches used to circumvent the sign problem at small chemical…
We review recent progress in Monte Carlo simulations of dense two-color QCD (QC$_2$D), focusing on the phase diagram, the equation of state, and the sound velocity in the low-temperature regime. In three-color QCD at finite density,…
The dynamic separation into phases of high and low baryon density in a heavy ion collision can enhance fluctuations of the net rapidity density of baryons compared to model expectations. We demonstrate that event-by-event proton and…
Single state saturation of the temporal correlation function is a key condition to extract physical observables such as energies and matrix elements of hadrons from lattice QCD simulations. A method commonly employed to check the saturation…
Recent studies by the NPLQCD collaboration of hadronic interactions using lattice QCD are reviewed, with an emphasis on a recent calculation of meson-baryon scattering lengths. Ongoing high-statistics calculations of baryon interactions are…
We present a lattice study of net-baryon number fluctuations in (2+1)-flavor QCD. The results are based on a Taylor expansion of the pressure with respect to the baryon chemical potential. We calculate higher moments of the net-baryon…
The freeze-out curve, which describes a vast amount of precise experimental data in heavy ion collisions, provides a relation between the colliding energy and the thermodynamical parameters of the fireball. The variance, skew and kurtosis…
The study of nuclear physics using lattice QCD is hindered by an exponentially large signal-to-noise problem which is conventionally alleviated by raising the quark masses to unphysically high values. We propose a novel form of partial…
We discuss the role of cumulants of net baryon number fluctuations in the analysis of critical behavior in QCD and the study of freeze-out conditions in heavy ion experiments. Through the comparison of the current set of measurements of…