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Neural responses are highly variable, and some portion of this variability arises from fluctuations in modulatory factors that alter their gain, such as adaptation, attention, arousal, expected or actual reward, emotion, and local metabolic…
Measured responses from visual cortical neurons show that spike times tend to be correlated rather than exactly Poisson distributed. Fano factors vary and are usually greater than 1 due to the tendency of spikes being clustered into bursts.…
We investigate the stimulus-dependent tuning properties of a noisy ionic conductance model for intrinsic subthreshold oscillations in membrane potential and associated spike generation. On depolarization by an applied current, the model…
To thrive in dynamic environments, animals must be capable of rapidly and flexibly adapting behavioral responses to a changing context and internal state. Examples of behavioral flexibility include faster stimulus responses when attentive…
The magnitude of correlations between stimulus-driven responses of pairs of neurons can itself be stimulus-dependent. We examine how this dependence impacts the information carried by neural populations about the stimuli that drive them.…
The coding properties of cells with different types of receptive fields have been studied for decades. ON-type neurons fire in response to positive fluctuations of the time-dependent stimulus, whereas OFF cells are driven by negative…
The spiking activity of neocortical neurons exhibits a striking level of variability, even when these networks are driven by identical stimuli. The approximately Poisson firing of neurons has led to the hypothesis that these neural networks…
The threshold voltage for action potential generation is a key regulator of neuronal signal transduction, yet the mechanism of its dynamic variation is still not well described. In this paper, we propose that threshold phenomena can be…
An implanted device for brain-responsive neurostimulation (RNS System) is approved as an effective treatment to reduce seizures in adults with medically-refractory focal epilepsy. Clinical trials of the RNS System demonstrate…
The neural activity in the visual processing is influenced by both external stimuli and internal brain states. Ideally, a neural predictive model should account for both of them. Currently, there are no dynamic encoding models that…
At the macroscale, the brain operates as a network of interconnected neuronal populations, which display rhythmic dynamics that support interareal communication. Understanding how stimulation of a particular brain area impacts such…
Single trial analyses of ensemble activity in alert animals demonstrate that cortical circuits dynamics evolve through temporal sequences of metastable states. Metastability has been studied for its potential role in sensory coding, memory…
We use mean field theory to study the response properties of a simple randomly-connected model cortical network of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with balanced excitation and inhibition. The formulation permits arbitrary temporal…
Targeted electrical stimulation of the brain perturbs neural networks and modulates their rhythmic activity both at the site of stimulation and at remote brain regions. Understanding, or even predicting, this neuromodulatory effect is…
Sensory neurons often have variable responses to repeated presentations of the same stimulus, which can significantly degrade the stimulus information contained in those responses. This information can in principle be preserved if…
When two stimuli are present in the receptive field of a V4 neuron, the firing rate response is between the weakest and strongest response elicited by each of the stimuli alone (Reynolds et al, 1999, Journal of Neuroscience 19:1736-1753).…
A fundamental inequality governing the spike activity of peripheral neurons is derived and tested against auditory data. This inequality states that the steady-state firing rate must lie between the arithmetic and geometric means of the…
Neural noise sets a limit to information transmission in sensory systems. In several areas, the spiking response (to a repeated stimulus) has shown a higher degree of regularity than predicted by a Poisson process. However, a simple model…
We present a complete mean field theory for a balanced state of a simple model of an orientation hypercolumn. The theory is complemented by a description of a numerical procedure for solving the mean-field equations quantitatively. With our…
In this report trial-to-trial variations in the synchronized responses of neural networks are offered as evidence for excitation-inhibition ratio being a dynamic variable over time scales of minutes. Synchronized network responses to…