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In the field of deep learning based computer vision, the development of deep object detection has led to unique paradigms (e.g., two-stage or set-based) and architectures (e.g., Faster-RCNN or DETR) which enable outstanding performance on…

The assessment of binary classifier performance traditionally centers on discriminative ability using metrics, such as accuracy. However, these metrics often disregard the model's inherent uncertainty, especially when dealing with sensitive…

Optical fibers play a key role in many different fields of science and technology. In particular, fibers with a diameter of several micrometers are intensively used in photonics. For these applications, it is often important to precisely…

This review explores anomaly localization in medical images using denoising diffusion models. After providing a brief methodological background of these models, including their application to image reconstruction and their conditioning…

As an emerging and challenging problem in the computer vision community, weakly supervised object localization and detection plays an important role for developing new generation computer vision systems and has received significant…

Understanding and manipulating two-dimensional materials for real-world applications remains challenging due to a lack of effective and high-throughput characterization techniques. Soft X-ray time-of-flight photoemission electron microscopy…

We propose and examine the use of biphoton pairs, such as those created in parametric down conversion or four-wave mixing, to enhance the precision and the resolution of measuring optical displacements by position-sensitive detection. We…

Improvement of label-free far-field resolution of optical imaging is possible with prior knowledge of the object such as its sparsity or accumulated by a posteriori examination of a similar class of object1-4. We show that the sole…

Remote focusing (RF) is a technique that greatly extends the aberration-free axial scan range of an optical microscope. To maximise the diffraction limited depth range in an RF system, the magnification of the relay lenses should be such…

In single molecule localisation super-resolution microscopy the need for repeated image capture limits the imaging speed, while the size of fluorescence probes limits the possible theoretical localisation resolution. Here, we demonstrated a…

Light has shown up an incredibe capability in precision measurement based on opto-mechanic interaction in high vacuum by isolating environment noises. However, there are still obstructions, such as displacement and mass estimation error,…

We introduce "microdeflectometry", a novel technique for measuring the microtopography of specular surfaces. The primary data is the local slope of the surface under test. Measuring the slope instead of the height implies high information…

We utilize the localization analysis method to precisely determine the light beam positions with the spatial separation beyond the optical diffraction limit. By such a direct spatial measurement, the associated optical setup is built to…

Measurements of positional coordinates and dimensions - whether by human vision or optical instrumentation - are fundamental to safety, industrial productivity, manufacturing quality/accuracy, and scientific discovery. The ultimate…

Conformal Prediction provides distribution-free prediction intervals with guaranteed coverage, but its reliance on a single global calibration threshold obscures the sources of uncertainty at the instance level. In particular, it conflates…

Deep optics has emerged as a promising approach by co-designing optical elements with deep learning algorithms. However, current research typically overlooks the analysis and optimization of manufacturing and assembly tolerances. This…

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is gaining popularity with devices like AirTags for precise home item localization but faces significant challenges when scaled to large environments like seaports. The main challenges are calibration and localization…

Achieving atomic resolution in electron microscopy has historically been hindered by spherical aberration, a fundamental limitation of conventional electron lenses. Its correction typically requires complex assemblies of electromagnetic…

With the advent of infrared long-baseline interferometers with more than two telescopes, both the size and the completeness of interferometric data sets have significantly increased, allowing images based on models with no a priori…

Metasurfaces provide a compact, flexible, and reliable solution for controlling the wavefront of light. In imaging systems, micro-lens arrays are integrated with pixel matrices to reduce optical crosstalk, enhance photon collection…