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The recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) has recently become the mainstream end-to-end approach for streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR). To estimate the output distributions over subword units, RNN-T uses a fully connected…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-26 Chao Zhang , Bo Li , Zhiyun Lu , Tara N. Sainath , Shuo-yiin Chang

Recently, language identity information has been utilized to improve the performance of end-to-end code-switching (CS) speech recognition. However, previous works use an additional language identification (LID) model as an auxiliary module,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Shuai Zhang , Jiangyan Yi , Zhengkun Tian , Jianhua Tao , Ye Bai

Neural transducer-based systems such as RNN Transducers (RNN-T) for automatic speech recognition (ASR) blend the individual components of a traditional hybrid ASR systems (acoustic model, language model, punctuation model, inverse text…

This work presents a large-scale audio-visual speech recognition system based on a recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) architecture. To support the development of such a system, we built a large audio-visual (A/V) dataset of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-13 Takaki Makino , Hank Liao , Yannis Assael , Brendan Shillingford , Basilio Garcia , Otavio Braga , Olivier Siohan

Sequence transducers, such as the RNN-T and the Conformer-T, are one of the most promising models of end-to-end speech recognition, especially in streaming scenarios where both latency and accuracy are important. Although various methods,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-07 Yusuke Shinohara , Shinji Watanabe

In this work we explore the latency and accuracy of keyword spotting (KWS) models in streaming and non-streaming modes on mobile phones. NN model conversion from non-streaming mode (model receives the whole input sequence and then returns…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-29 Oleg Rybakov , Natasha Kononenko , Niranjan Subrahmanya , Mirko Visontai , Stella Laurenzo

Many of the current state-of-the-art Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition Systems (LVCSR) are hybrids of neural networks and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Most of these systems contain separate components that deal with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-16 Dzmitry Bahdanau , Jan Chorowski , Dmitriy Serdyuk , Philemon Brakel , Yoshua Bengio

Sentence compression is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) task aimed at shortening original sentences and preserving their key information. Its applications can benefit many fields e.g. one can build tools for language education. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Weiwei Hou , Hanna Suominen , Piotr Koniusz , Sabrina Caldwell , Tom Gedeon

The Transformer architecture has been successful across many domains, including natural language processing, computer vision and speech recognition. In keyword spotting, self-attention has primarily been used on top of convolutional or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-11 Axel Berg , Mark O'Connor , Miguel Tairum Cruz

Because of its streaming nature, recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) is a very promising end-to-end (E2E) model that may replace the popular hybrid model for automatic speech recognition. In this paper, we describe our recent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-31 Jinyu Li , Rui Zhao , Zhong Meng , Yanqing Liu , Wenning Wei , Sarangarajan Parthasarathy , Vadim Mazalov , Zhenghao Wang , Lei He , Sheng Zhao , Yifan Gong

Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting (SF-KWS) has gained popularity in today's landscape of smart voice-activated devices, smartphones, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This surge is attributed to the advancements in Deep Learning,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Soumen Garai , Suman Samui

We explore the application of end-to-end stateless temporal modeling to small-footprint keyword spotting as opposed to recurrent networks that model long-term temporal dependencies using internal states. We propose a model inspired by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Alice Coucke , Mohammed Chlieh , Thibault Gisselbrecht , David Leroy , Mathieu Poumeyrol , Thibaut Lavril

Contextual biasing is essential to improving the recognition of rare and domain-specific words in an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. While numerous methods have been proposed in recent years, most of them focus on offline…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Kai-Chen Tsai , Tien-Hong Lo , Yun-Ting Sun , Berlin Chen

The recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) is a prominent streaming end-to-end (E2E) ASR technology. In RNN-T, the acoustic encoder commonly consists of stacks of LSTMs. Very recently, as an alternative to LSTM layers, the Conformer…

Speaker intent detection and semantic slot filling are two critical tasks in spoken language understanding (SLU) for dialogue systems. In this paper, we describe a recurrent neural network (RNN) model that jointly performs intent detection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-07 Bing Liu , Ian Lane

While recent zero-shot multi-speaker text-to-speech (TTS) models achieve impressive results, they typically rely on extensive transcribed speech datasets from numerous speakers and intricate training pipelines. Meanwhile, self-supervised…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-04 Karl El Hajal , Ajinkya Kulkarni , Enno Hermann , Mathew Magimai. -Doss

While convolutional neural networks have gained impressive success recently in solving structured prediction problems such as semantic segmentation, it remains a challenge to differentiate individual object instances in the scene. Instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Mengye Ren , Richard S. Zemel

Recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) is an end-to-end speech recognition framework converting input acoustic frames into a character sequence. The state-of-the-art encoder network for RNN-T is the Conformer, which can effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-20 Juntae Kim , Jeehye Lee

Keyword Spotting (KWS) remains challenging to achieve the trade-off between small footprint and high accuracy. Recently proposed metric learning approaches improved the generalizability of models for the KWS task, and 1D-CNN based KWS…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Li Wang , Rongzhi Gu , Nuo Chen , Yuexian Zou

This paper describes a novel text-to-speech (TTS) technique based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNN), without use of any recurrent units. Recurrent neural networks (RNN) have become a standard technique to model sequential data…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Hideyuki Tachibana , Katsuya Uenoyama , Shunsuke Aihara