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We explore in detail a method to solve ordinary differential equations using feedforward neural networks. We prove a specific loss function, which does not require knowledge of the exact solution, to be a suitable standard metric to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-06-02 Liam L. H. Lau , Denis Werth

We introduce the attention-indexed model (AIM), a theoretical framework for analyzing learning in deep attention layers. Inspired by multi-index models, AIM captures how token-level outputs emerge from layered bilinear interactions over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fabrizio Boncoraglio , Emanuele Troiani , Vittorio Erba , Lenka Zdeborová

Neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) have emerged as a novel network architecture that bridges dynamical systems and deep learning. However, the gradient obtained with the continuous adjoint method in the vanilla neural ODE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Hong Zhang , Wenjun Zhao

The combination of numerical integration and deep learning, i.e., ODE-net, has been successfully employed in a variety of applications. In this work, we introduce inverse modified differential equations (IMDE) to contribute to the behaviour…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-16 Aiqing Zhu , Pengzhan Jin , Beibei Zhu , Yifa Tang

Modeling complex systems using standard neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) often faces some essential challenges, including high computational costs and susceptibility to local optima. To address these challenges, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xin Li , Jingdong Zhang , Qunxi Zhu , Chengli Zhao , Xue Zhang , Xiaojun Duan , Wei Lin

In complex physical systems, conventional differential equations often fall short in capturing non-local and memory effects, as they are limited to local dynamics and integer-order interactions. This study introduces a stepwise data-driven…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-05-30 Xiangnan Yu , Hao Xu , Zhiping Mao , HongGuang Sun , Yong Zhang , Dongxiao Zhang , Yuntian Chen

Operator learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for developing efficient surrogate models to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). However, existing approaches often overlook the domain knowledge inherent in the underlying PDEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ziqian Li , Kang Liu , Yongcun Song , Hangrui Yue , Enrique Zuazua

Machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms typically require large amount of data for training. This means that for nonlinear aeroelastic applications, where small training budgets are driven by the high computational burden…

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) represent a significant advancement at the intersection of machine learning and dynamical systems, offering a continuous-time analog to discrete neural networks. Despite their promise, deploying…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Matteo Caldana , Jan S. Hesthaven

We study the problem of estimating the coefficients in linear ordinary differential equations (ODE's) with a diverging number of variables when the solutions are observed with noise. The solution trajectories are first smoothed with local…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-04-29 Heng Lian

Given ample experimental data from a system governed by differential equations, it is possible to use deep learning techniques to construct the underlying differential operators. In this work we perform symbolic discovery of differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Lena Podina , Brydon Eastman , Mohammad Kohandel

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are widely used for modeling various physical phenomena. These equations often depend on certain parameters, necessitating either the identification of optimal parameters or the solution of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Martina Bukač , Iva Manojlović , Boris Muha , Domagoj Vlah

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describe dynamical systems evolving deterministically in continuous time. Accurate data-driven modeling of systems as ODEs, a central problem across the natural sciences, remains challenging,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Maximilian Mauel , Manuel Hinz , Patrick Seifner , David Berghaus , Ramses J. Sanchez

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to perform well when deployed to test distributions that shares high similarity with the training distribution. Feeding DNNs with new data sequentially that were unseen in the training distribution has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Eugene Lee , Cheng-Han Huang , Chen-Yi Lee

Learning dynamical systems is a promising avenue for scientific discoveries. However, capturing the governing dynamics in multiple environments still remains a challenge: model-based approaches rely on the fidelity of assumptions made for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 MoonJeong Park , Youngbin Choi , Namhoon Lee , Dongwoo Kim

Random ordinary differential equations (RODEs), i.e. ODEs with random parameters, are often used to model complex dynamics. Most existing methods to identify unknown governing RODEs from observed data often rely on strong prior knowledge.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-04 Junyu Liu , Zichao Long , Ranran Wang , Jie Sun , Bin Dong

Many types of physics-informed neural network models have been proposed in recent years as approaches for learning solutions to differential equations. When a particular task requires solving a differential equation at multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Filipe de Avila Belbute-Peres , Yi-fan Chen , Fei Sha

The depth of networks plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of deep learning. However, the memory requirement for backpropagation scales linearly with the number of layers, which leads to memory bottlenecks during training. Moreover,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-20 Sofya Maslovskaya , Sina Ober-Blöbaum , Christian Offen , Pranav Singh , Boris Wembe

We propose a machine learning framework to accelerate numerical computations of time-dependent ODEs and PDEs. Our method is based on recasting (generalizations of) existing numerical methods as artificial neural networks, with a set of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-03-08 Siddhartha Mishra

Differential equations are widely used to describe complex dynamical systems with evolving parameters in nature and engineering. Effectively learning a family of maps from the parameter function to the system dynamics is of great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Xin Li , Chengli Zhao , Xue Zhang , Xiaojun Duan