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Evaporating salty droplets are ubiquitous in nature, in our home and in the laboratory. Interestingly, the transport processes in such apparently simple systems differ strongly from evaporating "freshwater" droplets since convection is…

Ring-shaped deposits can be often found after a droplet evaporates on a substrate. If the fluid in the droplet is a pure liquid and its contact line remains pinned during the process, the mechanism behind such ring-shaped deposition is the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-08-19 M. A. Bruning , L. Loeffen , A. Marin

"When the liquid phase of a particle-laden droplet evaporates, a ring of solute is typically formed - what has become known as the "coffee ring effect". A key focus of recent work has been the suppression of the coffee-ring effect to leave…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-12-22 John McCarthy , Alfonso Castrejón-Pita , Mokhtar Adda-Bedia , Dominic Vella

The present work investigates numerically the transport of colloidal particles within an evaporating sessile droplet and their deposition on the substrate in unfavourable conditions. The coupled phenomena of fluid flow and heat and mass…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-21 A. Mokhtari , M. AitSaada , S. Chikh , L. Tadrist

The so-called coffee stain effect has been intensively studied over the past decades, but most of the studies are focused on sessile droplets. In this paper, we analyse the origin of the difference between the deposition of suspended…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-03-22 Marie Corpart , Frédéric Restagno , François Boulogne

The transport and aggregation of particles in suspensions is an important process in many physicochemical and industrial processes. In this work, we study the transport of particles in an evaporating binary droplet. Surprisingly, the…

The present study experimentally and numerically investigates the evaporation and resultant patterns of dried deposits of aqueous colloidal sessile droplets, when the droplets are initially elevated to a high temperature before being placed…

Solute deposits from evaporating drops with pinned contact line are usually concentrated near the contact line. The stain, or pattern, left on the substrate then consists of a single ring, commonly known as a coffee ring. Here we report on…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Vladimir A. Belyi , D. Kaya , M. Muthukumar

Our numerical study aims to investigate particle deposit patterns from the evaporation of a sessile colloidal droplet. An in house finite volume code is developed to simulate the coupled phenomena of flow and heat and mass transfer with…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-21 A. Mokhtari , M. Ait Saada , S. Chikh , L. Tadrist

An evaporating droplet is a dynamic system in which flow is spontaneously generated to minimize the surface energy, dragging particles to the borders and ultimately resulting in the so-called "coffee-stain effect". The situation becomes…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-11-24 Alvaro Marin , Robert Liepelt , Massimiliano Rossi , Christian J. Kähler

When a colloidal sessile droplet dries on a substrate, the particles suspended in it usually deposit in a ring-like pattern. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as the "coffee-ring" effect. One paradigm for why this occurs is as a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-12-14 Saeed Jafari Kang , Vahid Vandadi , James D. Felske , Hassan Masoud

Evaporating a droplet containing dispersed colloids leaves behind a dried deposit whose shape is determined by capillary flows and the resulting particle transport. The classical coffee-ring effect occurs when an outward radial flow drives…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-27 Samuel S. Nielsen , Ryker Fish , Brian C. Seper , Brennan Sprinkle , Michelle M. Driscoll

Deposits from evaporating drops have shown to take a variety of shapes, depending on the physicochemical properties of both solute and solvent. Classically, the evaporation of drops of colloidal suspensions leads to the so-called coffee…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-05-04 Marius R. Bittermann , Daniel Bonn , Sander Woutersen , Antoine Deblais

Spilling tea or coffee leads to a tell-tale circular stain after the droplet dries, known as the "coffee ring effect". The evaporation of suspension droplets is a complex physical process, and predicting and controlling the particle deposit…

The drying of a drop containing particles often results in the accumulation of the particles at the contact line. In this work, we investigate the drying of an aqueous colloidal drop surrounded by a hydrogel that is also evaporating. We…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-01-31 François Boulogne , François Ingremeau , Howard A. Stone

Droplet evaporation has been intensively investigated in past decades owing to its emerging applications in diverse fields of science and technology. Yet the role transport mechanisms has been the subject of a heated debate, especially the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-08-04 Osman Akdag , Yigit Akkus , Barbaros Cetin , Zafer Dursunkaya

The pioneering work of Deegan et al. [Nature 389, (1997)] showed how a drying sessile droplet suspension of particles presents a maximum evaporating flux at its contact line which drags liquid and particles creating the well known coffee…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2012-10-16 Alvaro G. Marin , Hanneke Gelderblom , Jacco Snoeijer , Detlef Lohse

Building on the recent theoretical work of Wray, Duffy and Wilson [J. Fluid Mech. 884, A45 (2020)] concerning the competitive diffusion-limited evaporation of multiple thin sessile droplets in proximity to each other, we obtain theoretical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-07-28 Alexander W. Wray , Patrick S. Wray , Brian R. Duffy , Stephen K. Wilson

Hypothesis: Contact-line motion upon drying of sessile droplet strongly affects the solute transport and solvent evaporation profile. Hence, it should have a strong impact on the deposit formation and might be responsible for volcano-like,…

Evaporating colloidal droplets have long been used as model systems to understand capillarity, interfacial transport, and particle assembly, most prominently through the coffee ring effect. In classical descriptions, suspended particles are…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-15 Meneka Banik , Ranjini Bandyopadhyay
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