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As autonomous systems rapidly become ubiquitous, there is a growing need for a legal and regulatory framework to address when and how such a system harms someone. There have been several attempts within the philosophy literature to define…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Sander Beckers , Hana Chockler , Joseph Y. Halpern

Thinking in terms of causality helps us structure how different parts of a system depend on each other, and how interventions on one part of a system may result in changes to other parts. Therefore, formal models of causality are an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Matvey Soloviev , Joseph Y. Halpern

Causality is the relationship where one event contributes to the production of another, with the cause being partly responsible for the effect and the effect partly dependent on the cause. In this paper, we propose a novel and effective…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Arshia Rafieioskouei , Borzoo Bonakdarpour

In recent years the search for a proper formal definition of actual causation -- i.e., the relation of cause-effect as it is instantiated in specific observations, rather than general causal relations -- has taken on impressive proportions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-04 Sander Beckers , Joost Vennekens

A serious defect with the Halpern-Pearl (HP) definition of causality is repaired by combining a theory of causality with a theory of defaults. In addition, it is shown that (despite a claim to the contrary) a cause according to the HP…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Joseph Y. Halpern

With recent advances in natural language processing, rationalization becomes an essential self-explaining diagram to disentangle the black box by selecting a subset of input texts to account for the major variation in prediction. Yet,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Wenbo Zhang , Tong Wu , Yunlong Wang , Yong Cai , Hengrui Cai

A definition of causality introduced by Halpern and Pearl, which uses structural equations, is reviewed. A more refined definition is then considered, which takes into account issues of normality and typicality, which are well known to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-12-10 Joseph Y. Halpern

Causal models defined in terms of a collection of equations, as defined by Pearl, are axiomatized here. Axiomatizations are provided for three successively more general classes of causal models: (1) the class of recursive theories (those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern

Causal models defined in terms of a collection of equations, as defined by Pearl, are axiomatized here. Axiomatizations are provided for three successively more general classes of causal models: (1) the class of recursive theories (those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-08 Joseph Y. Halpern

We propose new definitions of (causal) explanation, using structural equations to model counterfactuals. The definition is based on the notion of actual cause, as defined and motivated in a companion paper. Essentially, an explanation is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Judea Pearl

We present a definition of cause and effect in terms of decision-theoretic primitives and thereby provide a principled foundation for causal reasoning. Our definition departs from the traditional view of causation in that causal assertions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 D. Heckerman , R. Shachter

In this paper, we discuss necessary and sufficient explanations for formal argumentation - the question whether and why a certain argument can be accepted (or not) under various extension-based semantics. Given a framework with which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-05 AnneMarie Borg , Floris Bex

Causality is a non-obvious concept that is often considered to be related to temporality. In this paper we present a number of past and present approaches to the definition of temporality and causality from philosophical, physical, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-07-16 Kamran Karimi

Causality is a subject of philosophical debate and a central scientific issue with a long history. In the statistical domain, the study of cause and effect based on the notion of `fairness' in comparisons dates back several hundred years,…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-04-06 Erica EM Moodie , David A Stephens

The design of scientific experiments deserves its own variation of formal verification to catch cases where scientists made important mistakes, such as forgetting to take confounding variables into account. One of the most fundamental…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Anna Zhang , Qinglan Luo , London Bielicke , Eunice Jun , Adam Chlipala

In this paper, we propose causality as a unified framework to explain query answers and non-answers, thus generalizing and extending several previously proposed approaches of provenance and missing query result explanations. We develop our…

Databases · Computer Science 2009-12-31 Alexandra Meliou , Wolfgang Gatterbauer , Katherine F. Moore , Dan Suciu

In this position paper we discuss three main shortcomings of existing approaches to counterfactual causality from the computer science perspective, and sketch lines of work to try and overcome these issues: (1) causality definitions should…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Gregor Gössler , Oleg Sokolsky , Jean-Bernard Stefani

Philosophical analyses of causation take many forms but one major difficulty they all aim to address is that of the spatio-temporal continuity between causes and their effects. Bertrand Russell in 1913 brought the problem to its most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-26 Cynthia K. W. Ma

From the standpoint of applied ontology, the problem of understanding and modeling causation has been recently challenged on the premise that causation is real. As a consequence, the following three results were obtained: (1) causation can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Riichiro Mizoguchi

We present a formal theory for analysing causality in cyber-physical systems. To this end, we extend the theory of actual causality by Halpern and Pearl to cope with the continuous nature of cyber-physical systems. Based on our theory, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Hugo Araujo , Hana Chockler , Mohammad Reza Mousavi , Gustavo Carvalho , Augusto Sampaio