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A classical vertex Ramsey result due to Ne\v{s}et\v{r}il and R\"odl states that given a finite family of graphs $\mathcal{F}$, a graph $A$ and a positive integer $r$, if every graph $B\in\mathcal{F}$ has a $2$-vertex-connected subgraph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-10 Sahar Diskin , Ilay Hoshen , Michael Krivelevich , Maksim Zhukovskii

For positive integers $k < n$ such that $k$ divides $n$, let $(n)^k_{\hom}$ be the set of homogeneous $k$-partitions of $\{1, \dots, n\}$, that is, the set of partitions of $\{1, \dots, n\}$ into $k$ classes of the same cardinality. In the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Jose G. Mijares

The ordered Ramsey number of a graph $G^<$ with a linearly ordered vertex set is the smallest positive integer $N$ such that any two-coloring of the edges of the ordered complete graph on $N$ vertices contains a monochromatic copy of $G^<$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-05 Martin Balko

For finite graphs $G$ and $H$, let $\RR(G,H)$ denote the isomorphism classes of Ramsey-minimal graphs for $(G,H)$. We prove two 1981 conjectures of Burr, Erd\H{o}s, Faudree, Rousseau, and Schelp: Ramsey-finiteness is preserved by adjoining…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Yaping Mao

Every statement of the Ramsey theory of finite structures corresponds to the fact that a particular category has the Ramsey property. We can, then, compare the strength of Ramsey statements by comparing the ``Ramsey strength'' of the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Keegan Dasilva Barbosa , Dragan Mašulović

One way of studying a relational structure is to investigate functions which are related to that structure and which leave certain aspects of the structure invariant. Examples are the automorphism group, the self-embedding monoid, the…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-05-31 Manuel Bodirsky , Michael Pinsker

In Chapter 1 we fully characterise pairs of finite graphs which form a gap in the full homomorphism order. This leads to a simple proof of the existence of generalised duality pairs. We also discuss how such results can be carried to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-04 Yangjing Long

We consider non-trivial homomorphisms to reflexive oriented graphs in which some pair of adjacent vertices have the same image. Using a notion of convexity for oriented graphs, we study those oriented graphs that do not admit such…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Christopher Duffy , Sonja Linghui Shan

We study the first-order almost-sure theories for classes of finite structures that are specified by homomorphically forbidding a set $\mathcal{F}$ of finite structures. If $\mathcal{F}$ consists of undirected graphs, a full description of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-24 Manuel Bodirsky , Colin Jahel

We show that the infinite-dimensional versions of Gowers' $\mathrm{FIN}_k$ and $\mathrm{FIN}_{\pm k}$ theorems can be parametrized by an infinite sequence of perfect subsets of $2^\omega$. To do so, we use ultra-Ramsey theory to obtain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-19 Jamal K. Kawach

We present a refinement of Ramsey numbers by considering graphs with a partial ordering on their vertices. This is a natural extension of the ordered Ramsey numbers. We formalize situations in which we can use arbitrary families of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-29 Christopher Cox , Derrick Stolee

We show that any graded digraph $D$ on $n$ vertices with maximum degree $\Delta$ has an oriented Ramsey number of at most $C^\Delta n$ for some absolute constant $C > 1$, improving upon a recent result of Fox, He, and Wigderson. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-03 Patryk Morawski , Yuval Wigderson

We study the reverse mathematics of infinitary extensions of the Hales-Jewett theorem, due to Carlson and Simpson. These theorems have multiple applications in Ramsey's theory, such as the existence of finite big Ramsey numbers for the…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-05-11 Paul-Elliot Anglès d'Auriac , Bastien Mignoty , Lu Liu , Ludovic Patey

This article deals with homomorphisms of oriented graphs with respect to push equivalence. Here homomorphisms refer to arc preserving vertex mappings, and push equivalence refers to the equivalence class of orientations of a graph $G$ those…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-28 Tapas Das , Pavan P D , Sagnik Sen , S Taruni

We show that the universal homogeneous partial order has finite big Ramsey degrees and discuss several corollaries. Our proof relies on parameter spaces and the Carlson-Simpson theorem rather than on (a strengthening of) the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Jan Hubička

In this note we consider a Ramsey type result for partially ordered sets. In particular, we give an alternative short proof of a theorem for a posets with multiple linear extensions recently obtained by Solecki and Zhao.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-19 Andrii Arman , Vojtěch Rödl

The classical Ramsey theorem, states that every graph contains either a large clique or a large independent set. Here we investigate similar dichotomic phenomena in the context of finite metric spaces. Namely, we prove statements of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yair Bartal , Nathan Linial , Manor Mendel , Assaf Naor

We develop a homotopy theory of directed graphs based on cubical homotopy groups, also referred to as A-groups or reduced GLMY homotopy groups. Localizing the category of directed graphs at morphisms that induce isomorphisms on these groups…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Briony Eldridge , Sergei O. Ivanov , Xiaomeng Xu , Shing-Tung Yau , Mengmeng Zhang

Let $G$ be a finite group. The co-prime order graph of $G$ is the graph whose vertex set is $G$, and two distinct vertices $x,y$ are adjacent if gcd$(o(x),o(y))$ is either $1$ or a prime, where $o(x)$ and $o(y)$ are the orders of $x$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Xuanlong Ma , Zhonghua Wang

In Section 6 of the paper ``Fra\"{\i}ss\'{e}'s Conjecture and big Ramsey degrees of structures admitting finite monomorphic decomposition'', we applied the methods developed in earlier sections to show that a certain reduct of the generic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Dragan Mašulović