Related papers: Solar Energetic Particle Forecasting Algorithms an…
Aims. We perform a statistical study of the relations between the properties of solar energetic electron (SEE) events measured by the MESSENGER mission from 2010 to 2015 and the parameters of the respective parent solar activity phenomena…
A combination of many Solar energetic particle (SEP) events, each one of which is associated with a single eruption, can create one complex intensity-time profile, that will result in masking the observation of the first injected particles…
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are thought to drive collisionless shocks in the solar corona, which in turn have been shown capable of accelerating solar energetic particles (SEPs) in minutes. It has been notoriously difficult to extract…
The Sun is an effective particle accelerator producing solar energetic particle (SEP) events during which particles up to several GeVs can be observed. Those events observed at Earth with the neutron monitor network are called ground level…
We present simulation results of a gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) event detected on 2021 October 9 by multiple spacecraft, including BepiColombo (Bepi) and near-Earth spacecraft such as the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). A…
The main sources of solar energetic particle (SEP) events are solar flares and shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). While it is generally accepted that energetic protons can be accelerated by shocks, whether or not these shocks…
Based on energetic particle observations made at $\approx$1 AU, we present a catalogue of 46 wide-longitude (>45{\deg}) solar energetic particle (SEP) events detected at multiple locations during 2009-2016. The particle kinetic energies of…
Shock waves associated with fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) accelerate solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the long duration, gradual events that pose hazards to crewed spaceflight and near-Earth technological assets, but the source of…
Gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events are generally attributed to the particle acceleration in shock waves driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Space-weather effects of such events are important, so there has been continuous…
Solar eruptions generally refer to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares. Both are important sources of space weather. Solar flares cause sudden change in the ionization level in the ionosphere. CMEs cause solar energetic particle (SEP)…
Solar flares (SFs) are sudden brightening observed over the Sun surface which is associated with a large energy release. Flares with burst of Xray emission are normally followed by a mass ejection of electrons and ions from the solar…
A high-speed halo-type coronal mass ejection (CME), associated with a GOES M4.6 soft X-ray flare in NOAA AR 0180 at S12W29 and an EIT wave and dimming, occurred on 9 November 2002. A complex radio event was observed during the same period.…
We study the large solar energetic particle (SEP) events that were detected by GOES in the $>$ 10 MeV energy channel during December 2006 to March 2014. We derive and compare solar particle release (SPR) times for the 0.25--10.4 MeV…
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) play a decisive role in driving space weather, especially, the fast ones (e.g., with speeds above $800$~km~s$^{-1}$). Understanding the trigger mechanisms of fast CMEs can help us gaining important information…
During mid-May 2024, active region (AR) 13664 produced a series of M- and X-class flares along with several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that resulted in exceptionally strong aurora at Earth. This study presents in-situ solar energetic…
High-energy particles may be accelerated widely in stellar coronae; probably by the same processes we find in the Sun. Here, we have learned of two physical mechanisms that dominate the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs). The…
It has been recently suggested that large solar energetic particle (SEP) events are often caused by twin CMEs. In the twin-CME scenario, the preceding CME is to provide both an enhanced turbulence level and enhanced seed population at the…
The flux of energetic particles originating from the Sun fluctuates during the solar cycles. It depends on the number and properties of Active Regions (ARs) present in a single day and associated solar activities, such as solar flares and…
Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) are charged particles accelerated within the solar atmosphere or the interplanetary space by explosive phenomena such as solar flares or Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Once injected into the interplanetary…
We study the solar energetic particle (SEP) event associated with the 2012 July 23 extreme solar storm, for which STEREO and the spacecraft at L1 provide multi-point remote sensing and in situ observations. The extreme solar storm, with a…