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In this paper, we investigate cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) systems in which access points (APs) are equipped with fluid antennas (FAs) and develop a comprehensive framework for channel estimation, antenna port selection, and uplink…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Maryam Olyaee , Giovanni Interdonato , Stefano Buzzi

This paper addresses the problem of scalability for a cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) system that performs integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). Specifically, the case where a large number of access points (APs) are deployed to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Stefano Buzzi , Carmen D'Andrea , Sergi Liesegang

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) is a breakthrough technology for beyond-5G systems, designed to significantly boost the energy and spectral efficiencies of future mobile networks while ensuring a consistent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Alejandro de la Fuente , Guillem Femenias , Felip Riera-Palou , Giovanni Interdonato

User-centric cell-free (UCCF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are considered a viable solution to realize the advantages offered by cell-free (CF) networks, including reduced interference and consistent quality of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-15 S. Salehi , S. Mashdour , O. Tamyigit , S. Seyedmasoumian , M. Moradikia , R. C. de Lamare , A. Schmeink

Large antenna arrays will be needed in future millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks, enabling a large number of different possible antenna architectures and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. It is still unclear which…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Mandar N. Kulkarni , Amitava Ghosh , Jeffrey G. Andrews

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) has emerged as an alternative deployment for conventional cellular massive MIMO networks. Prior works relied on the strong assumption (quite idealized) that the APs are uniformly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Anastasios Papazafeiropoulos , Pandelis Kourtessis , Marco Di Renzo , Symeon Chatzinotas , John M. Senior

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising technology for next-generation communication systems. This work proposes a novel partially coherent (PC) transmission framework to cope with the challenge of phase…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Unnikrishnan Kunnath Ganesan , Tung Thanh Vu , Erik G. Larsson

Cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) has emerged as a promising technology for next generation wireless systems, combining the benefits of distributed antenna systems (DAS) and traditional MIMO technology. In this work, we present the first…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Qi Zhen , Pan Tang , Haiyang Miao , Enrui Liu , Ximan Liu , Zihang Ding , Jianhua Zhang

The problem of beam alignment (BA) in a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) system operating at millimeter wave (mmWaves) carrier frequencies is considered in this paper. Two estimation algorithms are proposed, in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Stefano Buzzi , Carmen D'Andrea , Maria Fresia , Xiaofeng Wu

We consider the downlink of Cell-Free Massive MIMO systems, where a very large number of distributed access points (APs) simultaneously serve a much smaller number of users. Each AP uses local channel estimates obtained from received uplink…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Hien Quoc Ngo , Alexei Ashikhmin , Hong Yang , Erik G. Larsson , Thomas L. Marzetta

This paper introduces an access point-user (AP-UE) association strategy combined with pilot power allocation to mitigate multiuser interference and enhance spectral efficiency (SE) in clustered cell-free massive MIMO (CCF-mMIMO) networks.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-08 S. Mohammadzadeh , S. Mashdour , R. C. de Lamare , K. Cumanan , C. Li

Cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO), where each user equipment (UE) is connected to multiple access points (APs), is emerging as an important component for 5G and 6G cellular systems. Accurate channel models based on measurements are required…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-11 Yuning Zhang , Thomas Choi , Zihang Cheng , Jorge Gomez-Ponce , Issei Kanno , Masaaki Ito , Andreas F. Molisch

Contrary to conventional massive MIMO cellular configurations plagued by inter-cell interference, cell-free massive MIMO systems distribute network resources across the coverage area, enabling users to connect with multiple access points…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Giovanni Di Gennaro , Amedeo Buonanno , Gianmarco Romano , Stefano Buzzi , Francesco A. N Palmieri

Cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) has recently gained much attention for its potential in shaping the landscape of sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems. This paper proposes a hierarchical network architecture tailored for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Wei Jiang , Hans D. Schotten

In traditional cellular networks, users at the cell edge often suffer from poor quality of service (QoS) due to large distance-dependent path loss and severe inter-cell interference. While cell-free (CF) massive multi-input multi-out (MIMO)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Wei Jiang , Hans Dieter Schotten

Cell-free massive MIMO (CF-M-MIMO) systems represent an evolution of the classical cellular architecture that has dominated the mobile landscape for decades. In CF-M-MIMO, a central processing unit (CPU) controls a multitude of access…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-27 Felip Riera-Palou , Guillem Femenias

Cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) systems represent a promising approach to increase the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems. However, near-optimal beamforming solutions require a large amount of signaling exchange between…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-08 Hamed Hojatian , Jeremy Nadal , Jean-Francois Frigon , Francois Leduc-Primeau

We present a general framework for the characterization of the packet error probability achievable in cell-free Massive multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) architectures deployed to support ultra-reliable low-latency (URLLC) traffic. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Alejandro Lancho , Giuseppe Durisi , Luca Sanguinetti

This paper proposes the utilization of cell-free massive MIMO (CF-M-MIMO) processing on top of the regular micro/macrocellular deployments typically found in current 5G networks. Towards this end, it contemplates the connection of all base…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-13 F. Riera-Palou , G. Femenias , D. López-Pérez , N. Piovesan , A. De Domenico

This paper considers the uplink of user-centric cell-free massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) systems. We utilize the user-centric dynamic cooperation clustering (DCC) framework and derive the achievable spectral efficiency with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti