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Social media platforms, despite their value in promoting open discourse, are often exploited to spread harmful content. Current deep learning and natural language processing models used for detecting this harmful content overly rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Paras Sheth , Tharindu Kumarage , Raha Moraffah , Aman Chadha , Huan Liu

Social media platforms provide users the freedom of expression and a medium to exchange information and express diverse opinions. Unfortunately, this has also resulted in the growth of abusive content with the purpose of discriminating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Sohail Akhtar , Valerio Basile , Viviana Patti

It is common practice in text classification to only use one majority label for model training even if a dataset has been annotated by multiple annotators. Doing so can remove valuable nuances and diverse perspectives inherent in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Jin Xu , Mariët Theune , Daniel Braun

There is an increase in the proliferation of online hate commensurate with the rise in the usage of social media. In response, there is also a significant advancement in the creation of automated tools aimed at identifying harmful text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Rabiraj Bandyopadhyay , Dennis Assenmacher , Jose M. Alonso Moral , Claudia Wagner

As research on hate speech becomes more and more relevant every day, most of it is still focused on hate speech detection. By attempting to replicate a hate speech detection experiment performed on an existing Twitter corpus annotated for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Filip Klubička , Raquel Fernández

Online social networks have become a fundamental component of our everyday life. Unfortunately, these platforms are also a stage for hate speech. Popular social networks have regularized rules against hate speech. Consequently, social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Nadav Schneider , Shimon Shouei , Saleem Ghantous , Elad Feldman

Social media platforms may provide potential space for discourses that contain hate speech, and even worse, can act as a propagation mechanism for hate crimes. The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program collects hate crime data and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Songqiao Han , Hailiang Huang , Jiangwei Liu , Shengsheng Xiao

Hate speech detection is a critical problem in social media platforms, being often accused for enabling the spread of hatred and igniting physical violence. Hate speech detection requires overwhelming resources including high-performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Hate speech is a major issue in social networks due to the high volume of data generated daily. Recent works demonstrate the usefulness of machine learning (ML) in dealing with the nuances required to distinguish between hateful posts from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Rafael M. O. Cruz , Woshington V. de Sousa , George D. C. Cavalcanti

Though majority vote among annotators is typically used for ground truth labels in natural language processing, annotator disagreement in tasks such as hate speech detection may reflect differences in opinion across groups, not noise. Thus,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Eve Fleisig , Rediet Abebe , Dan Klein

Cyberbullying is a significant concern intricately linked to technology that can find resolution through technological means. Despite its prevalence, technology also provides solutions to mitigate cyberbullying. To address growing concerns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Sylvia Worlali Azumah , Nelly Elsayed , Zag ElSayed , Murat Ozer , Amanda La Guardia

Sophisticated language models such as OpenAI's GPT-3 can generate hateful text that targets marginalized groups. Given this capacity, we are interested in whether large language models can be used to identify hate speech and classify text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Ke-Li Chiu , Annie Collins , Rohan Alexander

Hate speech detection on Twitter is critical for applications like controversial event extraction, building AI chatterbots, content recommendation, and sentiment analysis. We define this task as being able to classify a tweet as racist,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Pinkesh Badjatiya , Shashank Gupta , Manish Gupta , Vasudeva Varma

Exploiting social media to spread hate has tremendously increased over the years. Lately, multi-modal hateful content such as memes has drawn relatively more traction than uni-modal content. Moreover, the availability of implicit content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Piush Aggarwal , Pranit Chawla , Mithun Das , Punyajoy Saha , Binny Mathew , Torsten Zesch , Animesh Mukherjee

The proliferation of hate speech has inflicted significant societal harm, with its intensity and directionality closely tied to specific targets and arguments. In recent years, numerous machine learning-based methods have been developed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zewen Bai , Liang Yang , Shengdi Yin , Yuanyuan Sun , Hongfei Lin

Informational bias is bias conveyed through sentences or clauses that provide tangential, speculative or background information that can sway readers' opinions towards entities. By nature, informational bias is context-dependent, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Esther van den Berg , Katja Markert

The increasing volume of online discussions requires advanced automatic content moderation to maintain responsible discourse. While hate speech detection on social media is well-studied, research on German-language newspaper forums remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Felix Krejca , Tobias Kietreiber , Alexander Buchelt , Sebastian Neumaier

In current hate speech datasets, there exists a high correlation between annotators' perceptions of toxicity and signals of African American English (AAE). This bias in annotated training data and the tendency of machine learning models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Mengzhou Xia , Anjalie Field , Yulia Tsvetkov

With the exponential rise in user-generated web content on social media, the proliferation of abusive languages towards an individual or a group across the different sections of the internet is also rapidly increasing. It is very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Prashant Kapil , Asif Ekbal

Social media systems allow Internet users a congenial platform to freely express their thoughts and opinions. Although this property represents incredible and unique communication opportunities, it also brings along important challenges.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-03-25 Leandro Silva , Mainack Mondal , Denzil Correa , Fabricio Benevenuto , Ingmar Weber