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The scattering of coherent X-rays from dynamically evolving systems is currently becoming experimentally feasible. The scattered beam produces a pattern of bright and dark speckles, which fluctuate almost independently in time and can be…
This paper examines the problem of testing whether a discrete time-series vector contains a periodic signal or is merely noise. To do this we examine the stochastic behaviour of the maximum intensity of the observed time-series vector and…
Particle detectors based on scintillators are widely used in high-energy physics and astroparticle physics experiments, nuclear medicine imaging, industrial and environmental detection, etc. Precisely extracting scintillation signal…
Simulating quantum dynamics on digital or analog quantum simulators often requires ``problem-to-simulator" mappings such as trotterization, floquet-magnus expansion or perturbative expansions. When the simulator is noiseless, it is well…
Polarization plays an important role in various time-domain astrophysics to understand the magnetic fields, geometry, and environments of spatially unresolved variable sources. In this paper we present the results of laboratory and on-sky…
A critical challenge in the observation of the redshifted 21-cm line is its separation from bright Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds. In particular, the instrumental leakage of polarized foregrounds, which undergo significant Faraday…
This paper studies the effect of reference frame selection in sensor-to-sensor extrinsic calibration when formulated as a motion-based hand-eye calibration problem. Different reference selection options are tested under varying noise…
A polarimetric model for the power delay spectrum for inroom communication is proposed. The proposed model describes the gradual depolarization of the signal with delay. The model is based on the theory of room electromagnetics,…
We study imaging with an array of sensors that probes a medium with single frequency electromagnetic waves and records the scattered electric field. The medium is known and homogenous except for some small and penetrable inclusions. The…
Cross-spectrum analysis is a commonly-used technique for the detection of phase and amplitude noise of a signal in the presence of interfering noise. It extracts the desired correlated noise from two time series in the presence of…
In recent years, instrumentation enabling pulsar observations with unprecedentedly high fractional bandwidth has been under development which can be used to substantially improve the precision of pulsar timing experiments. The traditional…
Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering are widely used to investigate soft matter and biophysical systems. The experimental errors are essential when assessing how well a hypothesized model fits the data. Likewise, they are important when…
There are numerous physical situations in which a hole or leak is introduced in an otherwise closed chaotic system. The leak can have a natural origin, it can mimic measurement devices, and it can also be used to reveal dynamical properties…
This is the third article in a series of three dealing with the exploitation of speckle for imaging purposes. In complex media, a fundamental limit is the multiple scattering phenomenon that completely blurs the imaging process in depth.…
Precision pulsar timing can be used for a variety of astrophysical tests from the detection of gravitational waves to probing the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM). Here we present analyses of the noise contributions to pulsar…
Sensor noise sources cause differences in the signal recorded across pixels in a single image and across multiple images. This paper presents a Bayesian approach to decomposing and characterizing the sensor noise sources involved in imaging…
We study the spectral density of factor models of multivariate time series. By making use of the Random Matrix Theory we analytically quantify the effect of noise dressing on the spectral density due to the finiteness of the sample. We…
We describe a setup based on Michelson interferometry for coherent measurements of the backscattered light from a low roughness optical surface under test. Special data processing was developed for the extraction of the useful signal from…
A new simple circuit producing random pulse trains is proposed and experimentally studied. The circuit is composed of an operational amplifier and two feedback links, one of which comprises two photodiodes. The photodiodes are responsible…
We theoretically propose and numerically validate an all-optical scheme to generate optical pulse trains with varying peak-powers and durations. A shaping of the spectral phase thanks to discrete $\pi/2$ phase shifts enables an efficient…