Related papers: Is the bump significant? An axion-search example
The frequentist definition of sensitivity of a search for new phenomena proposed in arXiv:0308063 has been utilized in a number of published experimental searches. In most cases, the simple approximate formula for the common problem of…
In axion models, interactions between axions and electromagnetic waves induce frequency-dependent time delays determined by the axion mass and decay constant. These small delays are difficult to detect, limiting the effectiveness of…
Cross entropy (XE) measure is a widely used benchmarking to demonstrate quantum computational advantage from sampling problems, such as random circuit sampling using superconducting qubits and boson sampling (BS). We present a heuristic…
The paper addresses general aspects of experimental data analysis, dealing with the separation of ``signal vs. background''. It consists of two parts. Part I is a tutorial on statistical event classification, Bayesian inference, and test…
We propose a new test statistic based on a score process for determining the statistical significance of a putative signal that may be a small perturbation to a noisy experimental background. We derive the reference distribution for this…
We propose a new, simple, dedicated X-ray mission to measure the power spectrum of density fluctuations in the Universe, by accurately mapping the X-ray background on the whole sky on scales of arounf one sq deg. Since the method relies on…
New approach for analysis and decoding MIMO signaling is developed for usual model of nongaussion noise consists of background and impulsive noise named epsilon - noise. It is shown that non-gaussion noise performance significantly worse…
This study explores various data-driven methods for performing background-model selection, and for assigning uncertainty on the signal-strength estimator that arises due to the choice of background model. The performance of these methods is…
Distance queries are a basic tool in data analysis. They are used for detection and localization of change for the purpose of anomaly detection, monitoring, or planning. Distance queries are particularly useful when data sets such as…
The search for new significant peaks over a energy spectrum often involves a statistical multiple hypothesis testing problem. Separate tests of hypothesis are conducted at different locations producing an ensemble of local p-values, the…
Background properties in experimental particle physics are typically estimated using large data sets. However, different events can exhibit different features because of the quantum mechanical nature of the underlying physics processes.…
Observational data is often readily available in large quantities, but can lead to biased causal effect estimates due to the presence of unobserved confounding. Recent works attempt to remove this bias by supplementing observational data…
Knowledge about existence, strength, and dominant direction of causal influences is of paramount importance for understanding complex systems. With limited amounts of realistic data, however, current methods for investigating causal links…
We discuss some of the claims that have been made regarding the statistics of fast radio bursts (FRBs). In an earlier paper \citep{2015arXiv150505535C} we conjectured that flicker noise associated with FRB repetition could show up in…
A well-known stochastic model for intermittent fluctuations in physical systems is investigated. The model is given by a super-position of uncorrelated exponential pulses, and the degree of pulse overlap is interpreted as an intermittency…
Projection pursuit is used to find interesting low-dimensional projections of high-dimensional data by optimizing an index over all possible projections. Most indexes have been developed to detect departure from known distributions, such as…
This paper considers the problem of estimating linear dynamic system models when the observations are corrupted by random disturbances with nonstandard distributions. The paper is particularly motivated by applications where sensor…
On roads showing significant violations of posted speed limits, one measure of the safety effect of speeding is the difference between the road's actual accident count and the count that would have occurred if the posted speed limit had…
There is a broad class of astrophysical sources that produce detectable, transient, gravitational waves. Some searches for transient gravitational waves are tailored to known features of these sources. Other searches make few assumptions…
We address the characterization of classical fractional random noise via quantum probes. In particular, we focus on estimation and discrimination problems involving the fractal dimension of the trajectories of a system subject to fractional…