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It is believed that not all quantum systems can be simulated efficiently using classical computational resources. This notion is supported by the fact that in quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations for a large number of important problems it…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-04-14 Z. Ringel , D. L. Kovrizhin

We present a guiding principle for designing fermionic Hamiltonians and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods that are free from the infamous sign problem by exploiting the Lie groups and Lie algebras that appear naturally in the Monte Carlo…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-12-23 Lei Wang , Ye-Hua Liu , Mauro Iazzi , Matthias Troyer , Gergely Harcos

The mathematical formulation of sign-changing problems involves a linear second-order partial differential equation in the divergence form, where the coefficient can assume positive and negative values in different subdomains. These…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Eric T. Chung , Patrick Ciarlet , Xingguang Jin , Changqing Ye

The usual path integral formulation for scalar particles at finite density involves a sign problem, making numerical simulation impractical. We present alternative methods free of this difficulty. We apply these approaches to phi^4 theory…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2008-11-26 Michael G. Endres

We propose a new method for simulating QCD at finite density, where interesting phases such as the color superconductivity phase is conjectured to appear. The method is based on a general factorization property of distribution functions of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-08-23 Jun Nishimura

Due to the intrinsic complexity of the quantum many-body problem, quantum Monte Carlo algorithms and their corresponding Monte Carlo configurations can be defined in various ways. Configurations corresponding to few Feynman diagrams often…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-04-30 Alexander Kowalski , Andreas Hausoel , Markus Wallerberger , Patrik Gunacker , Giorgio Sangiovanni

Quantum Monte Carlo simulations, while being efficient for bosons, suffer from the "negative sign problem'' when applied to fermions - causing an exponential increase of the computing time with the number of particles. A polynomial time…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Matthias Troyer , Uwe-Jens Wiese

Previously published lattice results for QCD at $\mu_B\neq0$ are compared to analytic predictions for phase quenched QCD. We observe that the strength of the sign problem in QCD is linked directly to the position of the phase transition…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2007-05-23 K. Splittorff

Approaches to finite baryon density lattice QCD usually suffer from uncontrolled systematic uncertainties in addition to the well-known sign problem. We test a method - sign reweighting - that works directly at finite chemical potential and…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2021-12-09 Attila Pasztor , Szabolcs Borsanyi , Zoltan Fodor , Kornel Kapas , Sandor D. Katz , Matteo Giordano , Daniel Nogradi , Chik Him Wong

We solve the sign problem in a particle-hole symmetric spin-polarized fermion model on bipartite lattices using the idea of fermion bags. The solution can be extended to a class of models at half filling but without particle-hole symmetry.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-03-19 Emilie Fulton Huffman , Shailesh Chandrasekharan

The fermion sign problem remains the primary obstacle in simulating the thermodynamic properties of various fermionic systems. In this work, we present a sign-blocking method to mitigate the numerical instability inherent in the sign…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Yunuo Xiong , Hongwei Xiong

We explore a novel and straightforward solution to the sign problem that has plagued the Auxiliary-field Monte Carlo (AFMC) method applied to many-body systems for more than a decade. We present a solution to the sign problem that has…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-08-23 G. Stoitcheva , W. E. Ormand , D. Neuhauser , D. J. Dean

The notorious sign problem severely limits the applicability of quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations, as statistical errors grow exponentially with system size and inverse temperature. A recent proposal of a quantum-computing stochastic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Kwai-Kong Ng , Min-Fong Yang

Density matrix quantum Monte Carlo (DMQMC) is a recently-developed method for stochastically sampling the $N$-particle thermal density matrix to obtain exact-on-average energies for model and \emph{ab initio} systems. We report a systematic…

We consider multi-flavor massless $(1+1)$-dimensional QED with chemical potentials at finite spatial length and the zero-temperature limit. Its sign problem is solved using the mean-field calculation with complex saddle points.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-27 Yuya Tanizaki , Motoi Tachibana

The sign problem is one of the central obstacles to efficiently simulating quantum many-body systems. It is commonly believed that some phases of matter, such as the double semion model, have an intrinsic sign problem and can never be…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-11 Leyna Shackleton

There has been recent literature discussion on the origin and severity of the `sign problem' in full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo (FCIQMC) and its `initiator' adaptation (i-FCIQMC), methods of interest and potential because…

Quantum simulations are a powerful tool for exploring strongly correlated many-body phenomena. Yet, their reach is limited by the fermion sign problem, which causes configuration weights to become negative, compromising statistical…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-04 Ryan Larson , Rubem Mondaini , Richard T. Scalettar

The sign problem in quantum Monte Carlo calculations is analyzed using the meron-cluster solution. The concept of merons can be used to solve the sign problem for a limited class of models. Here we show that the method can be used to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-10 Sara Bergkvist , Patrik Henelius , Anders Rosengren

A continuous-time path integral Quantum Monte Carlo method using the directed-loop algorithm is developed to simulate the Anderson single-impurity model in the occupation number basis. Although the method suffers from a sign problem at low…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-10 Jaebeom Yoo , Shailesh Chandrasekharan , Harold U. Baranger