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Anonymity services have seen high growth rates with increased usage in the past few years. Among various services, Tor is one of the most popular peer-to-peer anonymizing service. In this survey paper, we summarize, analyze, classify and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Saad Saleh , Junaid Qadir , Muhammad U. Ilyas

Tor recently integrated a circuit padding framework for creating padding machines: defenses that work by defining state machines that inject dummy traffic to protect against traffic analysis attacks like Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Tobias Pulls

Passive operating system fingerprinting reveals valuable information to the defenders of heterogeneous private networks; at the same time, attackers can use fingerprinting to reconnoiter networks, so defenders need obfuscation techniques to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Blake Anderson , David McGrew

The exponential growth of mobile devices has raised concerns about sensitive data leakage. In this paper, we make the first attempt to identify suspicious location-related HTTP transmission flows from the user's perspective, by answering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-26 Hao Fu , Zizhan Zheng , Aveek K. Das , Parth H. Pathak , Pengfei Hu , Prasant Mohapatra

An attacker can gain information of a user by analyzing its network traffic. The size of transferred data leaks information about the file being transferred or the service being used, and this is particularly revealing when the attacker has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Sebastian Simon , Cezara Petrui , Carlos Pinzón , Catuscia Palamidessi

The Onion Router (Tor) is a controversial network whose utility is constantly under scrutiny. On the one hand, it allows for anonymous interaction and cooperation of users seeking untraceable navigation on the Internet. This freedom also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Alfonso Rodriguez Barredo-Valenzuela , Sergio Pastrana Portillo , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil

Whistleblower laws protect individuals who inform the public or an authority about governmental or corporate misconduct. Despite these laws, whistleblowers frequently risk reprisals and sites such as WikiLeaks emerged to provide a level of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-01-29 Volker Roth , Benjamin Güldenring , Eleanor Rieffel , Sven Dietrich , Lars Ries

Throughout recent years, the importance of internet-privacy has continuously risen. [...] Browser fingerprinting is a technique that does not require cookies or persistent identifiers. It derives a sufficiently unique identifier from the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Sebastian Neef

Traffic analysis attacks to identify which web page a client is browsing, using only her packet metadata --- known as website fingerprinting --- has been proven effective in closed-world experiments against privacy technologies like Tor.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-16 Tao Wang

Tor is a well-known anonymous communication tool, used by people with various privacy and security needs. Prior works have exploited routing attacks to observe Tor traffic and deanonymize Tor users. Subsequently, location-aware relay…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Zhifan Lu , Siyang Sun , Yixin Sun

The possibility of fingerprinting the search keywords issued by a user on popular web search engines is a significant threat to user privacy. This threat has received surprisingly little attention in the network traffic analysis literature.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Junhua Yan , Hasan Faik Alan , Jasleen Kaur

This articles surveys the existing literature on the methods currently used by web services to track the user online as well as their purposes, implications, and possible user's defenses. A significant majority of reviewed articles and web…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-29 Tomasz Bujlow , Valentín Carela-Español , Josep Solé-Pareta , Pere Barlet-Ros

There are not many known ways to break Tor anonymity, and they require an enormous amount of computational power. Controlling both entrance and exit nodes allows an attacker to compromise client IP with enough pattern analysis. If an .onion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Stephanie Abraham , Tyler Silva , Robert Decourcy , Jim Cardon

There was a time when the word security was only confined to the physical protection of things that were valuable which must be guarded against all the odds. Today, in a world where people can do things virtually have emerged the necessity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-05 AKM Bahalul Haque , Sharaban Tahura Nisa , Md. Amdadul Bari , Ayvee Nusreen Anika

The browser history reveals highly sensitive information about users, such as financial status, health conditions, or political views. Private browsing modes and anonymity networks are consequently important tools to preserve the privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Berk Gulmezoglu , Andreas Zankl , Thomas Eisenbarth , Berk Sunar

While advertising has become commonplace in today's online interactions, there is a notable dearth of research investigating the extent to which browser fingerprinting is harnessed for user tracking and targeted advertising. Prior studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Zengrui Liu , Jimmy Dani , Yinzhi Cao , Shujiang Wu , Nitesh Saxena

Internet-connected devices are increasingly present in our homes, and privacy breaches, data thefts, and security threats are becoming commonplace. In order to avoid these, we must first understand the behaviour of these devices. In this…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-03-15 Yousef Amar , Hamed Haddadi , Richard Mortier , Anthony Brown , James Colley , Andy Crabtree

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed devices while safeguarding data and user privacy. However, FL remains susceptible to privacy threats that can compromise data via direct means. That said,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Md Nahid Hasan Shuvo , Moinul Hossain , Anik Mallik , Jeffrey Twigg , Fikadu Dagefu

Content fingerprinting and digital watermarking are techniques that are used for content protection and distribution monitoring. Over the past few years, both techniques have been well studied and their shortcomings understood. Recently, a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-19 Farzad Farhadzadeh , Frans M. J. Willems , Sviatoslav Voloshinovskiy

With this paper, we survey the research performed in the domain of browser fingerprinting, while providing an accessible entry point to newcomers in the field. We explain how this technique works and where it stems from. We analyze the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Pierre Laperdrix , Nataliia Bielova , Benoit Baudry , Gildas Avoine
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