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Gravitational waves provide a unique window into gravity, cosmology, and high-energy physics, enabling the exploration of fundamental phenomena across a wide range of scales. This review presents a coherent and pedagogical framework that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-25 Azadeh Maleknejad

Binary systems comprising at least one neutron star contain strong gravitational field regions and thereby provide a testing ground for strong-field gravity. Two types of data can be used to test the law of gravity in compact binaries:…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Thibault Damour , Gilles Esposito-Farese

According to General Relativity (GR), gravitational waves (GWs) should travel at the speed of light $c$. However, some theories beyond GR predict deviations of the velocity of GWs $c_{\rm gw}$ from $c$, and some of those expect vacuum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-07 Tian-Yong Cao , Shu-Xu Yi

The upcoming detection of gravitational waves by terrestrial interferometers will usher in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy. This will be particularly true when space-based detectors will come of age and measure the mass and spin of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Enrico Barausse , Vitor Cardoso , Paolo Pani

Ten short years ago, we had the rare privilege of witnessing the onset of a renaissance in science: humanity finally succeeded in its arduous quest to directly detect gravitational waves. This breakthrough did not occur in a vacuum: it was…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-20 Vitor Cardoso , Shauvik Biswas , Subhodeep Sarkar

We review recent progress and future prospects for harnessing powerful tools from theoretical high-energy physics, such as scattering amplitudes and effective field theory, to develop a precise and systematically improvable framework for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-12 Alessandra Buonanno , Mohammed Khalil , Donal O'Connell , Radu Roiban , Mikhail P. Solon , Mao Zeng

Extended Theories of Gravity are considered as a new approach for solving the infrared and ultraviolet scale problems of the Standard Theory of Gravity (General Relativity). Observational evidence of gravitational waves and subsequent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-16 Sourav Roy Chowdhury , Maxim Khlopov

An outstanding question in modern Physics is whether general relativity (GR) is a complete description of gravity among bodies at macroscopic scales. Currently, the best experiments supporting this hypothesis are based on high-precision…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 John Antoniadis

The prospect of detecting/constraining deviations from general relativity by studying gravitational waves (GWs) from merging black holes has been one of the primary motivations of GW interferometers like LIGO/Virgo. Within pure gravity, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-27 Alexander Cassem , Mark P. Hertzberg

In this paper, we focus on testing gravity theories in the radiative regime using pulsar timing array observations. After reviewing current techniques to measure the dispersion and alternative polarization of gravitational waves, we extend…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-04-09 K. J. Lee

Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy has revolutionized our capacity to explore nature. The next generation of observatories, among which the space-borne detector Laser Interferometer Space Antenna LISA, is expected to yield orders of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-06 Henri Inchauspé , Silvia Gasparotto , Diego Blas , Lavinia Heisenberg , Jann Zosso , Shubhanshu Tiwari

We review the present status of quantum-gravity phenomenology in relation to gravitational waves (GWs). The topic can be approached from two direction, a model-dependent one and a model-independent one. In the first case, we introduce some…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-07 Gianluca Calcagni

By reaching through shrouding blastwaves, efficiently discovering off-axis events, and probing the central engine at work, gravitational wave (GW) observations will soon revolutionize the study of gamma-ray bursts. Already, analyses of GW…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-16 Imre Bartos , Patrick Brady , Szabolcs Marka

Gravitational wave (GW) observations provide sensitive tests of parity and Lorentz symmetries of gravity. Any violation of these fundamental symmetries induces possible deviations in the GW propagations. Through a systematic parametrization…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-17 Tao Zhu , Wen Zhao , Jian-Ming Yan , Yuan-Zhu Wang , Cheng Gong , Anzhong Wang

The increasing sensitivity of current and upcoming gravitational-wave (GW) detectors poses stringent requirements on the accuracy of the GW models used for data analysis. If these requirements are not met, systematic errors could dominate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-29 Lorenzo Pompili , Alessandra Buonanno , Michael Pürrer

We show how the concurrent implementation of the exact solutions of the Einstein equations, of the equations of motion of the test particles, and of the relativistic estimate of the emission of gravitational waves from test particles, can…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-21 J. F. Rodriguez , J. A. Rueda , R. Ruffini

The dark sirens method enables us to use gravitational wave events without electromagnetic counterparts as tools for cosmology and tests of gravity. Furthermore, the dark sirens analysis code gwcosmo can now robustly account for information…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-23 Anson Chen , Rachel Gray , Tessa Baker

Gravitational waves offer a key insight into the viability of classes of gravitational theories beyond general relativity. The observational constraints on their speed of propagation can provide strong constraints on generalized classes of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-11 Shivam Kumar Mishra , Jackson Levi Said , B. Mishra

Observations of gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary coalescences provide powerful tests of general relativity (GR), but systematic errors in data analysis could lead to incorrect scientific conclusions. This issue is especially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-16 Qian Hu , John Veitch

Gravitational waves are rapidly becoming a very reliable tool for testing alternative theories of gravity. In particular, features in the gravitational wave emission during black hole ringdown phase provide a direct probe of the spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 Ruifeng Dong , Dejan Stojkovic