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The engineering of quantum devices has reached the stage where we now have small scale quantum processors containing multiple interacting qubits within them. Simple quantum circuits have been demonstrated and scaling up to larger numbers is…

The ability to perform fast and accurate rotations between the computational basis states of quantum bits is one of the most fundamental requirements for building a quantum computer. Because physical qubits generally contain more than two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Ben Chiaro , Yaxing Zhang

Leakage of quantum information out of computational states into higher energy states represents a major challenge in the pursuit of quantum error correction (QEC). In a QEC circuit, leakage builds over time and spreads through multi-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Kevin C. Miao , Matt McEwen , Juan Atalaya , Dvir Kafri , Leonid P. Pryadko , Andreas Bengtsson , Alex Opremcak , Kevin J. Satzinger , Zijun Chen , Paul V. Klimov , Chris Quintana , Rajeev Acharya , Kyle Anderson , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Joseph C. Bardin , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Juan Campero , Ben Chiaro , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Dripto M. Debroy , Sean Demura , Andrew Dunsworth , Catherine Erickson , Reza Fatemi , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Gonzalo Garcia , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Marissa Giustina , Raja Gosula , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Jonathan A. Gross , Michael C. Hamilton , Sean D. Harrington , Paula Heu , Jeremy Hilton , Markus R. Hoffmann , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Julian Kelly , Seon Kim , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Lily Laws , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Alexander T. Lill , Wayne Liu , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Steven Martin , Anthony Megrant , Xiao Mi , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Rebecca Potter , Charles Rocque , Pedram Roushan , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Christopher Schuster , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vladimir Shvarts , Jindra Skruzny , W. Clarke Smith , George Sterling , Marco Szalay , Douglas Thor , Alfredo Torres , Theodore White , Bryan W. K. Woo , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist , Hartmut Neven , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Andre Petukhov , Alexander N. Korotkov , Daniel Sank , Yu Chen

Constructing a fault-tolerant quantum computer is a daunting task. Given any design, it is possible to determine the maximum error rate of each type of component that can be tolerated while still permitting arbitrarily large-scale quantum…

As we are entering the era of constructing practical quantum computers, suppressing the inevitable noise to accomplish reliable computational tasks will be the primary goal. Leakage noise, as the amplitude population leaking outside the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Shuo Zhang , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Solid-state quantum coherent devices are quickly progressing. Superconducting circuits, for instance, have already been used to demonstrate prototype quantum processors comprising a few tens of quantum bits. This development also revealed…

Spin qubits in silicon quantum dots are one of the most promising building blocks for large scale quantum computers thanks to their high qubit density and compatibility with the existing semiconductor technologies. High fidelity…

``Leakage'' errors are particularly serious errors which couple states within a code subspace to states outside of that subspace thus destroying the error protection benefit afforded by an encoded state. We generalize an earlier method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Mark S. Byrd , Daniel A. Lidar , Lian-Ao Wu , Paolo Zanardi

Modular architectures are a promising approach to scale quantum devices to the point of fault tolerance and utility. Modularity is particularly appealing for superconducting qubits, as monolithically manufactured devices are limited in both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Michael Mollenhauer , Abdullah Irfan , Xi Cao , Supriya Mandal , Wolfgang Pfaff

Microwave filtering for superconducting qubits is a key element of quantum computing technology, enabling high coherence and fast state detection. This work presents the design and implementation of novel microwave Purcell filters for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Waqas Ahmad , Gioele Consani , Mohammad Tasnimul Haque , Jacob Dunstan , Brian Vlastakis

Solid state qubits realized in superconducting circuits are potentially extremely scalable. However, strong decoherence may be transferred to the qubits by various elements of the circuits that couple individual qubits, particularly when…

Superconductivity · Physics 2009-11-10 M. J. Storcz , J. Vala , K. R. Brown , J. Kempe , F. K. Wilhelm , K. B. Whaley

Superconducting qubits are among the most promising platforms for building a quantum computer. However, individual qubit coherence times are not far past the scalability threshold for quantum error correction, meaning that millions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Eliot Kapit

Many physical systems considered promising qubit candidates are not, in fact, two-level systems. Such systems can leak out of the preferred computational states, leading to errors on any qubits that interact with leaked qubits. Without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-09 Austin G. Fowler

Quantum computers are inherently noisy, and a crucial challenge for achieving large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computing is to implement quantum error correction. A promising direction that has made rapid recent progress is to design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Maria Violaris , Luciana Henaut , James Wills , Gioele Consani , Jamie Friel , Brian Vlastakis

As quantum circuits become more integrated and complex, additional error sources that were previously insignificant start to emerge. Consequently, the fidelity of quantum gates benchmarked under pristine conditions falls short of predicting…

Quantum computation, a completely different paradigm of computing, benefits from theoretically proven speed-ups for certain problems and opens up the possibility of exactly studying the properties of quantum systems. Yet, because of the…

Overcoming the influence of noise and imperfections is a major challenge in quantum computing. Here, we present an approach based on applying a desired unitary computation in superposition between the system of interest and some auxiliary…

High-fidelity quantum operations require the system dynamics to be strictly confined to the computational subspace. In practice, however, control fields inevitably couple to leakage levels, giving rise to quantum state leakage that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Ting Lin , Zi-Hao Qin , Zheng-Yuan Xue , Tao Chen

Measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) promises natural compatibility with quantum error correcting codes at the cost of a polynomial increase in physical qubits. MBQC proposals have largely focused on photonic systems, where 2-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-25 Matthew Brooks , Charles Tahan

Leakage errors arise when the quantum state leaks out of some subspace of interest, for example, the two-level subspace of a multi-level system defining a computational `qubit' or the logical code space defined by some quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-18 Joel J. Wallman , Marie Barnhill , Joseph Emerson