Related papers: 4-connected planar graphs are in $B_3$-EPG

A subgraph (a spanning subgraph) of a graph G whose all components are 3-vertex paths is called an L-packing (respectively, an L-factor} of G. We discuss the following old PROBLEM (A. Kelmans, 1984). Is the following claim true? (C) If G is…

Using the Gr\"obner basis of an ideal generated by a family of polynomials we prove that every planar graph is 4-colorable. Here we also use the fact that the complete graph of 5 vertices is not included in any planar graph.

This paper proves that every planar graph $G$ contains a matching $M$ such that the Alon-Tarsi number of $G-M$ is at most $4$. As a consequence, $G-M$ is $4$-paintable, and hence $G$ itself is $1$-defective $4$-paintable. This improves a…

Let G be an arbitrary simple graph. The main results are explicit representations of the edge cone of G as a finite intersection of closed halfspaces. If G is bipartite and connected we determine the facets of the edge cone and present a…

Planar graphs can be represented as intersection graphs of different types of geometric objects in the plane, e.g., circles (Koebe, 1936), line segments (Chalopin \& Gon{\c{c}}alves, 2009), \textsc{L}-shapes (Gon{\c{c}}alves et al, 2018).…

An edge weighting problem of a graph G is an assignment of an integer weight to each edge e. Based on edge weighting problem, several types of vertex-coloring problems are put forward. A simple observation illuminates that edge weighting…

Fix g>1. Every graph of large enough tree-width contains a g x g grid as a minor; but here we prove that every four-edge-connected graph of large enough tree-width contains a g x g grid as an immersion (and hence contains any fixed graph…

We first prove that for every vertex x of a 4-connected graph G there exists a subgraph H in G isomorphic to a subdivision of the complete graph K4 on four vertices such that G-V(H) is connected and contains x. This implies an affirmative…

A $(d,h)$-decomposition of a graph $G$ is an ordered pair $(D, H)$ such that $H$ is a subgraph of $G$ of maximum degree at most $h$ and $D$ is an acyclic orientation of $G-E(H)$ with maximum out-degree at most $d$. In this paper, we prove…

Topological drawings are representations of graphs in the plane, where vertices are represented by points, and edges by simple curves connecting the points. A drawing is simple if two edges intersect at most in a single point, either at a…

In this paper we have shown without assuming the four color theorem of planar graphs that every (bridgeless) cubic planar graph has a three-edge-coloring. This is an old-conjecture due to Tait in the squeal of efforts in settling the…

Back in the Eighties, Heath showed that every 3-planar graph is subhamiltonian and asked whether this result can be extended to a class of graphs of degree greater than three. In this paper we affirmatively answer this question for the…

Let $G$ be a (multi)graph of order $n$ and let $u,v$ be vertices of $G$. The maximum number of internally disjoint $u$-$v$ paths in $G$ is denoted by $\kappa_G(u,v)$, and the maximum number of edge-disjoint $u$-$v$ paths in $G$ is denoted…

An edge subset \( S \subseteq E(G) \) is called a 3-restricted edge-cut if \( G - S \) is disconnected and each component of \( G - S \) contains at least three vertices. The 3-restricted edge-connectivity of a graph \( G \), denoted by \(…

Let $P$ be a set of $n\geq 3$ points in general position in the plane. The edge disjointness graph $D(P)$ of $P$ is the graph whose vertices are all the closed straight line segments with endpoints in $P$, two of which are adjacent in…

For a simple graph $G$, the $3$-distance graph, $D_3(G)$, is a graph with the vertex set $V(G)$ and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their distance is $3$ in the graph $G$. For a connected graph $G$, we provide some conditions for…

To investigate the topological structure of Morse flows on the 2-disk we use the planar graphs as destinguished graph of the flow. We assume, that the flow is transversal to the boundary of the 2-disk. We give a list of all planar graph…

Xu and Wu proved that if every 5-cycle of a planar graph G is not simultaneously adjacent to 3-cycles and 4-cycles, then G is 4-choosable. In this paper, we improve this result as follows. If G is a planar graph without pairwise adjacent…

We consider {\em L-graphs}, that is contact graphs of axis-aligned L-shapes in the plane, all with the same rotation. We provide several characterizations of L-graphs, drawing connections to Schnyder realizers and canonical orders of…

A connected graph $G$, of order two or more, is matching covered if each edge lies in some \pema. The tight cut decomposition of a matching covered graph $G$ yields a list of bricks and braces; as per a theorem of Lov{\'a}sz~\cite{lova87},…