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Characterization of experimental systems is an essential step in developing and improving quantum hardware. A collection of protocols known as Randomized Benchmarking (RB) was developed in the past decade, which provides an efficient way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-22 Linghang Kong

We initiate the study of parameterized complexity of $\textsf{QMA}$ problems in terms of the number of non-Clifford gates in the problem description. We show that for the problem of parameterized quantum circuit satisfiability, there exists…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-13 Srinivasan Arunachalam , Sergey Bravyi , Chinmay Nirkhe , Bryan O'Gorman

Strongly correlated quantum systems give rise to many exotic physical phenomena, including high-temperature superconductivity. Simulating these systems on quantum computers may avoid the prohibitively high computational cost incurred in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-19 Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Joseph C. Bardin , Rami Barends , Andreas Bengtsson , Sergio Boixo , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Yu Chen , Zijun Chen , Yu-An Chen , Ben Chiaro , Roberto Collins , Stephen J. Cotton , William Courtney , Sean Demura , Alan Derk , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Thomas Eckl , Catherine Erickson , Edward Farhi , Austin Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Craig Gidney , Marissa Giustina , Rob Graff , Jonathan A. Gross , Steve Habegger , Matthew P. Harrigan , Alan Ho , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , William Huggins , Lev B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Dvir Kafri , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Julian Kelly , Seon Kim , Paul V. Klimov , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Mike Lindmark , Erik Lucero , Michael Marthaler , Orion Martin , John M. Martinis , Anika Marusczyk , Sam McArdle , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor McCourt , Matt McEwen , Anthony Megrant , Carlos Mejuto-Zaera , Xiao Mi , Masoud Mohseni , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Josh Mutus , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Hartmut Neven , Michael Newman , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O'Brien , Eric Ostby , Bálint Pató , Andre Petukhov , Harald Putterman , Chris Quintana , Jan-Michael Reiner , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Daniel Sank , Kevin J. Satzinger , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Doug Strain , Kevin J. Sung , Peter Schmitteckert , Marco Szalay , Norm M. Tubman , Amit Vainsencher , Theodore White , Nicolas Vogt , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Adam Zalcman , Sebastian Zanker

We describe a scalable experimental protocol for obtaining estimates of the error rate of individual quantum computational gates. This protocol, in which random Clifford gates are interleaved between a gate of interest, provides a bounded…

Classical simulations of quantum systems are notoriously difficult computational problems, with conventional state vector and tensor network methods restricted to quantum systems that feature only a small number of qudits. The recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Thomas Quella , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

As a milestone for general-purpose computing machines, we demonstrate that quantum processors can be programmed to efficiently simulate dynamics that are not native to the hardware. Moreover, on noisy devices without error correction, we…

The performance of quantum gates is often assessed using some form of randomized benchmarking. However, the existing methods become infeasible for more than approximately five qubits. Here we show how to use a simple and customizable class…

Understanding the boundary between classical simulatability and the power of quantum computation is a fascinating topic. Direct simulation of noisy quantum computation requires solving an open quantum many-body system, which is very costly.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-09 Xun Gao , Luming Duan

Unitarity randomized benchmarking (URB) is an experimental procedure for estimating the coherence of implemented quantum gates independently of state preparation and measurement errors. These estimates of the coherence are measured by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-17 Bas Dirkse , Jonas Helsen , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum circuits consisting of Clifford and matchgates are two classes of circuits that are known to be efficiently simulatable on a classical computer. We introduce a unified framework that shows in a transparent way the special structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Igor Ermakov , Oleg Lychkovskiy , Tim Byrnes

Modeling and simulation is essential for predicting and verifying the behavior of fabricated quantum circuits, but existing simulation methods are either impractically costly or require an unrealistic simplification of error processes. We…

Quantum circuits consisting of random unitary gates and subject to local measurements have been shown to undergo a phase transition, tuned by the rate of measurement, from a state with volume-law entanglement to an area-law state. From a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-26 Yimu Bao , Soonwon Choi , Ehud Altman

Quantum error correction is the art of protecting fragile quantum information through suitable encoding and active interventions. After encoding $k$ logical qubits into $n>k$ physical qubits using a stabilizer code, this amounts to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Eric J. Kuehnke , Kyano Levi , Joschka Roffe , Jens Eisert , Daniel Miller

Randomized benchmarking is a technique for estimating the average fidelity of a set of quantum gates. For general gatesets, however, it is difficult to draw robust conclusions from the resulting data. Here we propose a new method based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 Jonas Helsen , Xiao Xue , Lieven M. K. Vandersypen , Stephanie Wehner

We present a benchmarking protocol for universal quantum computers, achieved through the simulation of random dynamical quantum maps. This protocol provides a holistic assessment of system-wide error rates, encapsulating both gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Daniel Volya , Prabhat Mishra

A defining feature in the field of quantum computing is the potential of a quantum device to outperform its classical counterpart for a specific computational task. By now, several proposals exist showing that certain sampling problems can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Rawad Mezher , Joe Ghalbouni , Joseph Dgheim , Damian Markham

We describe an approach for characterizing the process of quantum gates using quantum process tomography, by first modeling them in an extended Hilbert space, which includes non-qubit degrees of freedom. To prevent unphysical processes from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Peter P. Rohde , G. J. Pryde , J. L. O'Brien , Timothy C. Ralph

Quantum Hamiltonian simulation is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing and forms the basis for many quantum algorithms. Benchmarking them is an important gauge of progress in quantum computing technology. We present a…

While quantum speed-up in solving certain decision problems by a fault-tolerant universal quantum computer has been promised, a timely research interest includes how far one can reduce the resource requirement to demonstrate a provable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-01 Jacob Miller , Stephen Sanders , Akimasa Miyake

The study of the boundary between classically simulable and computationally complex quantum dynamics is fundamental to understanding which physical resources may enable enhanced information-processing capabilities. We investigate this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Moein N. Ivaki , Matias Karjula , Tapio Ala-Nissila