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We consider a tuple $\Phi = (\phi_1,\ldots,\phi_m)$ of commuting maps on a finitary matroid $X$. We show that if $\Phi$ satisfies certain conditions, then for any finite set $A\subseteq X$, the rank of $\{\phi_1^{r_1}\cdots\phi_m^{r_m}(a):a…

Let $K$ be a field and $G$ be a finite group. Let $G$ act on the rational function field $K(x(g):g\in G)$ by $K$ automorphisms defined by $g\cdot x(h)=x(gh)$ for any $g,h\in G$. Denote by $K(G)$ the fixed field $K(x(g):g\in G)^G$. Noether's…

Let~$E$ be a Hilbertian field of characteristic~$0$. R.W.K. Odoni conjectured that for every positive integer~$n$ there exists a polynomial~$f\in E[X]$ of degree~$n$ such that each iterate~$f^{\circ{k}}$ of~$f$ is irreducible and the Galois…

We compute the Galois group of the splitting field $F$ of any irreducible and separable polynomial $f(x)=x^6+ax^3+b$ with $a,b\in K$, a field with characteristic different from two. The proofs require to distinguish between two cases:…

Bicritical rational functions -- those with precisely two critical points -- include the well-studied families of unicritical polynomials and quadratic rational functions. In this article we lay out general foundations for studying…

For a fixed prime power $q$ and natural number $d$ we consider a random polynomial $$f=x^n+a_{n-1}(t)x^{n-1}+\ldots+a_1(t)x+a_0(t)\in\mathbb F_q[t][x]$$ with $a_i$ drawn uniformly and independently at random from the set of all polynomials…

Let $K$ be a number field and let $G$ be a finitely generated subgroup of $K^\times$. For all but finitely many primes $\mathfrak p$ of $K$, the reduction $(G \bmod \mathfrak p)$ generates a well-defined subgroup of the multiplicative group…

Let $K$ be a field, and let $f\in K(z)$ be a rational function of degree $d\geq 2$. The Galois group of the field extension generated by the preimages of $x_0\in K$ under all iterates of $f$ naturally embeds in the automorphism group of an…

Let $K/\mathbb{Q}$ be a finitely generated field of characteristic zero and $X/K$ a smooth projective variety. Fix $q\in\mathbb{N}$. For every prime number $\ell$ let $\rho_\ell$ be the representation of $\mathrm{Gal}(K)$ on the \'etale…

Let $K$ be any field and $G$ be a finite group. Let $G$ act on the rational function field $K(x_g:g\in G)$ by $K$-automorphisms defined by $g\cdot x_h=x_{gh}$ for any $g,h\in G$. Noether's problem asks whether the fixed field…

Fix an odd prime $p$, and let $F$ be a field containing a primitive $p$th root of unity. It is known that a $p$-rigid field $F$ is characterized by the property that the Galois group $G_F(p)$ of the maximal $p$-extension $F(p)/F$ is a…

Let $p$ be an odd prime and $F$ be a number field whose $p$-class group is cyclic. Let $F_{\{\mathfrak{q}\}}$ be the maximal pro-$p$ extension of $F$ which is unramified outside a single non-$p$-adic prime ideal $\mathfrak{q}$ of $F$. In…

This paper deals with the Weak Inverse Galois Problem which, for a given field $k$, states that, for every finite group $G$, there exists a finite separable extension $L/k$ such that ${\rm{Aut}}(L/k)=G$. One of its goals is to explain how…

We prove that a saturated weakly branch group $G$ has the property $R_\infty$ (any automorphism $\phi:G\to G$ has infinite Reidemeister number) in each of the following cases: 1) any element of $Out(G)$ has finite order; 2) for any $\phi$…

To study a Dirichlet polynomial $f(s)=\frac{a_{m}}{m^{s}}+\cdots +\frac{a_{n}}{n^{s}}$ by regarding it as a multivariate polynomial via the canonical map $\phi$ sending $p_i^{-s}$ to an indeterminate $X_i$, with $p_i$ the $i$th prime…

This paper introduces a natural extension of Kolchin's differential Galois theory to positive characteristic iterative differential fields, generalizing to the non-linear case the iterative Picard-Vessiot theory recently developed by Matzat…

Let $K$ be a field of characteristic different from $2$, $\bar{K}$ its algebraic closure. Let $n \ge 3$ be an odd prime such that $2$ is a primitive root modulo $n$. Let $f(x)$ and $h(x)$ be degree $n$ polynomials with coefficients in $K$…

Let $P\in\mathbb Q[t,x]$ be a polynomial in two variables with rational coefficients, and let $G$ be the Galois group of $P$ over the field $\mathbb Q(t)$. It follows from Hilbert's Irreducibility Theorem that for most rational numbers $c$…

The action of the absolute Galois group $\text{Gal}(K^{\text{ksep}}/K)$ of a global field $K$ on a tree $T(\phi, \alpha)$ of iterated preimages of $\alpha \in \mathbb{P}^1(K)$ under $\phi \in K(x)$ with $\text{deg}(\phi) \geq 2$ induces a…

Let $\tilde{f}(X)\in\mathbb{Z}[X]$ be a degree-$n$ polynomial such that $f(X):=\tilde{f}(X)\bmod p$ factorizes into $n$ distinct linear factors over $\mathbb{F}_p$. We study the problem of deterministically factoring $f(X)$ over…