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A microwave SQUID multiplexer ($\mu$MUX) has been optimized for coupling to large arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. We present the scalable cryogenic multiplexer chip design in a 1820-channel multiplexer…

The search for primordial B-modes in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) requires highly sensitive and scalable detector systems. The magnetic microbolometer (MMB) is an emerging detector concept that exploits the magnetic properties of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-09-30 N. Müller , J. Bonilla-Neira , J. Geria , M. García Redondo , L. Ferreyro , M. Hampel , M. Wegner , A. Almela , S. Kempf

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of an aluminum-based six-channel microwave SQUID multiplexer ($\mu$MUX) prototype for transition-edge sensor (TES) readout in the RICOCHET experiment. The device consists of aluminum…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-26 James Amidei , Antoine Armatol , Corinne Augier , Louis Bailly-Salins , Guillaume Baulieu , Laurent Bergé , Julien Billard , Juliette Blé , Gaby Brenot , Guillaume Bres , Jean-Louis Bret , Alexandre Broniatowski , Martino Calvo , Antonella Cavanna , Antoine Cazes , Emanuela Celi , David Chaize , Mohammed Chala , Maurice Chapellier , Luke Chaplinsky , Ran Chen , Ion Cojocari , Jules Colas , Laurent Couraud , Elspeth Cudmore , Maryvonne De Jesus , Pierre de Marcillac , Nicole Dombrowski , Louis Dumoulin , Alan Durnez , Romain Faure , Sylvain Ferriol , Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano , Joseph A. Formaggio , Stephane Fuard , Jules Gascon , Cloé Girard-Carillo , Andrea Giuliani , Corinne Goy , Cyrille Guerin , Leïla Haegel , Patrick M. Harrington , Scott A. Hertel , Cyrus F. Hirjibehedin , Christophe Hoarau , Ziqing Hong , Daemon Howard , Jean-Christophe Ianigro , Yong Jin , Alexandre Juillard , Dimitar Karaivanov , Temirlan Khussainov , Andrew Kubik , Jacob Lamblin , Tatiana Le Bellec , Laetitia Leroy , Mingyu Li , Alexey Lubashevskiy , Stefanos Marnieros , Romain Martin , Nicolas Martini , Julien Minet , Alessandro Monfardini , Franck Mounier , Bethany M. Niedzielski , Valentina Novati , Wiliam D. Oliver , Emiliano Olivieri , H. Douglas Pinckney , Denys V. Poda , Dmitrii Ponomarev , Jean-Sébastien Real , Faith C. Reyes , Alejandro Rodriguez , Sergey Rozov , Irina Rozova , Brianna Ryan , Deeksha Sabhari , Silvia Scorza , Kyle Serniak , Renaud Serra , Yegor Shevchik , Torsten Soldner , Hannah Stickler , Caitlyn Stone-Whitehead , Christian Ulysse , Wouter Van De Pontseele , Sergey Vasilyev , Paul Vittaz , Steven Weber , Evan Wolfe , Wayne Woods , Evgeny Yakushev , Jiatong Yang , Daniya Zinatulina

The scalability of most transition-edge sensor arrays is limited by the multiplexing technology which combines their signals over a reduced number of wires and amplifiers. In this Letter, we present and demonstrate a multiplexer design…

The readout system with a high multiplexing ratio has become a bottleneck limiting the application of large-scale Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detector arrays. In recent years, the microwave superconducting quantum interference device…

Cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements are fundamentally limited by photon statistics. Therefore, ground-based CMB observatories have been increasing the number of detectors that are simultaneously observing the sky. Thanks to the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-18 T. de Haan , A. Suzuki , S. T. P. Boyd , R. H. Cantor , A. Coerver , M. A. Dobbs , R. Hennings-Yeomans , W. L. Holzapfel , A. T. Lee , G. I. Noble , G. Smecher , J. Zhou

The readout of transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers with a large multiplexing factor is key for the next generation Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiment, Polarbear-2, having 7,588 TES bolometers. To enable the large arrays, we…

Digital Frequency-Domain Multiplexing (DfMux) is a technique that uses MHz superconducting resonators and Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) arrays to read out sets of Transition Edge Sensors. DfMux has been used by several…

The Microwave SQUID Multiplexer ({\mu}MUX) is the device of choice for the readout of a large number of Low-Temperature Detectors in a wide variety of experiments within the fields of astronomy and particle physics. While it offers large…

Arrays of hundreds or thousands of low temperature detectors have been deployed for many experiments, both bolometers for long wavelength applications and calorimeters for shorter wavelength applications. One challenge that is common to…

Transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers are broadly used for background-limited astrophysical measurements from the far-infrared to mm-waves. Many planned future instruments require increasingly large detector arrays, but their scalability…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-16 John C. Groh , Zeeshan Ahmed , Shawn W. Henderson , Johannes Hubmayr , John A. B. Mates , Maximiliano Silva-Feaver , Joel Ullom , Cyndia Yu

The latest generation of cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescopes is searching for the undetected faint signature of gravitational waves from inflation in the polarized signal of the CMB. To achieve the unprecedented levels of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-08 Darcy Barron , Matt Atlas , Brian Keating , Ron Quillin , Nathan Stebor , Brandon Wilson

Direct-current superconducting quantum interference devices (dc-SQUIDs) are one of the most sensitive magnetic detectors. These sensors are extensively used in the readout of superconducting transition edge sensors (TESs), which are used…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-29 Nan Li , Mengjie Song , Sixiao Hu , Wentao Wu , Songqing Liu , Tangchong Kuang , Yudong Gu , Xiangxiang Ren , Xufang Li , He Gao , Zhengwei Li , Congzhan Liu

We report on the use of a kinetic-inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier (KITWPA) as the first amplifier in the readout chain of a microwave superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexer (umux). This umux is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-07 M. Malnou , J. A. B. Mates , M. R. Vissers , L. R. Vale , D. R. Schmidt , D. A. Bennett , J. Gao , J. N. Ullom

We present laboratory characterization of kilo-pixel, filled backshort-under-grid (BUG) transition-edge sensor (TES) arrays developed for the Primordial Inflation Polarization ExploreR (PIPER) balloon-borne instrument. PIPER is designed to…

Precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are crucial in cosmology, because any proposed model of the universe must account for the features of this radiation. Of all CMB measurements that the scientific community has…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-07-08 Claudia Nones , Stefanos Marnieros , Alain Benoit , Laurent Bergé , Aurelien Bideau , Philippe Camus , Louis Dumoulin , Alessandro Monfardini , Olivier Rigaut

The POLARBEAR-2 CosmicMicrowave Background (CMB) experiment aims to observe B-mode polarization with high sensitivity to explore gravitational lensing of CMB and inflationary gravitational waves. POLARBEAR-2 is an upgraded experiment based…

A technological milestone for experiments employing Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers operating at sub-kelvin temperature is the deployment of detector arrays with 100s--1000s of bolometers. One key technology for such arrays is…

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