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We propose an adaptive biasing algorithm aimed at enhancing the sampling of multimodal measures by Langevin dynamics. The underlying idea consists in generalizing the standard adaptive biasing force method commonly used in conjunction with…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2010-08-23 Chris Chipot , Tony Lelièvre

The complex Langevin method is one hopeful candidate to tackle the sign problem. This method is applicable not only to QCD but also to nonrelativistic field theory, such as condensed matter physics. We present the simulation results of a…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-08-04 Arata Yamamoto , Tomoya Hayata

We derive a family of correctness conditions for complex Langevin simulations. In particular, we show that if in a given theory the expectation values of all observables within a particular space satisfy the theory's Schwinger-Dyson…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-12-11 Michael Mandl , Erhard Seiler , Dénes Sexty

There are problems in physics and particularly in field theory which are defined by complex valued weight functions $e^{-S}$ where $S$ is a polynomial action $S: R^n \rightarrow C $. The conditions under which a convergent complex Langevin…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-22 H. Gausterer

Complex Langevin simulations are an attempt to solve the sign (or complex-action) problem encountered in various physical systems of interest. The method is based on a complexification of the underlying degrees of freedom and an evolution…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-04-08 Michael W. Hansen , Michael Mandl , Erhard Seiler , Dénes Sexty

Many methods that build powerful variational distributions based on unadjusted Langevin transitions exist. Most of these were developed using a wide range of different approaches and techniques. Unfortunately, the lack of a unified analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Tomas Geffner , Justin Domke

In the linear random effects model, when distributional assumptions such as normality of the error variables cannot be justified, moments may serve as alternatives to describe relevant distributions in neighborhoods of their means.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-05 Ping Wu , Winfried Stute , Li-Xing Zhu

The complex Langevin method is a promising approach to the complex-action problem based on a fictitious time evolution of complexified dynamical variables under the influence of a Gaussian noise. Although it is known to have a restricted…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-01-04 Keitaro Nagata , Jun Nishimura , Shinji Shimasaki

While representation learning has been central to the rise of machine learning and artificial intelligence, a key problem remains in making the learned representations meaningful. For this, the typical approach is to regularize the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Dedi Wang , Yihang Wang , Luke Evans , Pratyush Tiwary

Real time evolution of a scalar field theory is investigated. The severe sign problem is circumvented using the Complex Langevin equation. The naive application of the method breaks down for extended real times due to the appearance of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-03-03 Daniel Alvestad , Alexander Rothkopf , Dénes Sexty

Modular object-centric representations are essential for *human-like reasoning* but are challenging to obtain under spatial ambiguities, *e.g. due to occlusions and view ambiguities*. However, addressing challenges presents both theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Avinash Kori , Francesca Toni , Ben Glocker

Support points summarize a large dataset through a smaller set of representative points that can be used for data operations, such as Monte Carlo integration, without requiring access to the full dataset. In this sense, support points offer…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-01 Peiqi Zhao , Carlos E. Rodríguez , Ramsés H. Mena , Stephen G. Walker

The paper investigates the problem of performing correlation analysis when the number of observations is very large. In such a case, it is often necessary to combine the random observations to achieve dimensionality reduction of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Pavel Loskot

In this article the issues are discussed with the Bayesian approach, least-square fits, and most-likely fits. Trying to counter these issues, a method, based on weighted confidence, is proposed for estimating probabilities and other…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-26 Fetze Pijlman

Reconstructing complete 3D shapes from incomplete or noisy observations is a fundamentally ill-posed problem that requires balancing measurement consistency with shape plausibility. Existing methods for shape reconstruction can achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Linus Härenstam-Nielsen , Dmitrii Pozdeev , Thomas Dagès , Nikita Araslanov , Daniel Cremers

We show that complex Langevin simulation converges to a wrong result, by relating it to the Lefschetz-thimble path integral, when the path-integral weight has different phases among dominant complex saddle points. Equilibrium solution of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-02-07 Tomoya Hayata , Yoshimasa Hidaka , Yuya Tanizaki

This paper is dedicated to the analysis and detailed study of a procedure to generate both the weighted arithmetic and harmonic means of $n$ positive real numbers. Together with this interpretation, we prove some relevant properties that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-21 S. Amat , P. Ortiz , J. Ruiz , J. C. Trillo , D. F. Yañez

This work is an extension of our earlier article, where a well-known integral representation of the logarithmic function was explored, and was accompanied with demonstrations of its usefulness in obtaining compact, easily-calculable, exact…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Neri Merhav , Igal Sason

We propose a general approach to construct weighted likelihood estimating equations with the aim of obtain robust estimates. The weight, attached to each score contribution, is evaluated by comparing the statistical data depth at the model…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-16 Claudio Agostinelli

Recently it has been questioned, notably in the context of the scalar singlet dark matter model with $m_\varphi^{ }\simeq 60$ GeV, how efficiently kinetic equilibrium is maintained if freeze-out dynamics is pushed down to low temperatures…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-08 Seyong Kim , M. Laine