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We introduce neural probabilistic amplitude shaping, a joint-distribution learning framework for coherent fiber systems. The proposed scheme provides a 0.5 dB signal-to-noise ratio gain over sequence selection for dual-polarized 64-QAM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe , Amirhossein Ghazisaeidi

This paper studies the impact of probabilistic shaping on effective signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and achievable information rates (AIRs) in a back-to-back configuration and in unrepeated nonlinear fiber transmissions. For back-to-back,…

We present an autoregressive end-to-end learning approach for probabilistic shaping on nonlinear fiber channels. Our proposed scheme learns the joint symbol distribution and provides a 0.3-bits/2D achievable information rate gain over an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe , Amirhossein Ghazisaeidi

Probabilistic shaping of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is used to enhance the sensitivity of an optical communication system. Sensitivity gains of 0.43 dB and 0.8 dB are demonstrated in back-to-back experiments by shaping of 16QAM…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-01-19 Tobias Fehenberger , Domaniç Lavery , Robert Maher , Alex Alvarado , Polina Bayvel , Norbert Hanik

We show that short-length probabilistic shaping reduces nonlinear interference in optical fiber transmission. SNR improvements of up to 0.8 dB are obtained. The shaping gain vanishes when interleaving is employed and not undone before…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Tobias Fehenberger , Helmut Griesser , Jörg-Peter Elbers

Different aspects of probabilistic shaping for a multi-span optical communication system are studied. First, a numerical analysis of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel investigates the effect of using a small number of input…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-29 Tobias Fehenberger , Alex Alvarado , Georg Böcherer , Norbert Hanik

A class of circular 64-QAM that combines 'geometric' and 'probabilistic' shaping aspects is presented. It is compared to square 64-QAM in back-to-back, single-channel, and WDM transmission experiments. First, for the linear AWGN channel…

By tailoring probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) for nonlinearity tolerance, we experimentally demonstrate up to 1.1 dB increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 6.4% increase in total net data rate (NDR) compared to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-10 Junho Cho , Xi Chen , Greg Raybon , Di Che , Ellsworth Burrows , Robert Tkach

We introduce a practical sign-dependent sequence selection metric for probabilistic amplitude shaping and propose a simple method to predict the gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for sequence selection. The proposed metric provides a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-15 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe

In this paper, probabilistic shaping is numerically and experimentally investigated for increasing the transmission reach of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical communication system employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).…

Optimizing the input probability distribution of a discrete-time channel is a standard step in the information-theoretic analysis of digital communication systems. Nevertheless, many practical communication systems transmit uniformly and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-13 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe

The rate flexibility and probabilistic shaping gain of $4$-dimensional signaling is experimentally tested for short-reach, unrepeated transmission. A rate granularity of 0.5 bits/QAM symbol is achieved with a distribution matcher based on a…

We transmit probabilistic enumerative sphere shaped dual-polarization 64-QAM at 350Gbit/s/channel over 1610km SSMF using a short blocklength of 200. A reach increase of 15% over constant composition distribution matching with identical…

Enhanced Gaussian noise models are used to demonstrate that the per-block SNR after fibre transmission varies significantly due to the variable-composition nature of modern probabilistic shaping schemes. We propose a nonlinearity-optimised…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-08 Tobias Fehenberger , Alex Alvarado

We propose a new shaping scheme for the Gaussian channel whose complexity is approximately half the one of a binary distribution matcher (DM). The result is obtained as follows: We first show that most of the shaping gain can be obtained…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Vincent Corlay , Nicolas Gresset

A scheme is proposed that combines probabilistic signal shaping with bit-metric decoding. The transmitter generates symbols according to a distribution on the channel input alphabet. The symbols are labeled by bit strings. At the receiver,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Georg Böcherer

We propose two novel techniques to implement sequence selection (SS) for fiber nonlinearity mitigation, demonstrating a nonlinear shaping gain of 0.24 bits/s/Hz, just 0.1 bits/s/Hz below the SS capacity lower bound.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Stella Civelli , Enrico Forestieri , Marco Secondini

A geometrically-shaped 256-QAM constellation, tailored to the nonlinear optical fibre channel, is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed constellation outperforms both uniform and AWGN-tailored 256-QAM, as it is designed to optimise the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-21 E. Sillekens , D. Semrau , D. Lavery , P. Bayvel , R. I. Killey

Performance trade-offs between linear shaping and nonlinear tolerance of the recently introduced 4D orthant-symmetric 128-ary modulation format are investigated. Numerical simulations show 9.3% reach increase with respect to the 7b4D-2A8PSK…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Bin Chen , Chigo Okonkwo , Alex Alvarado

We show that a 0.9 dB SNR improvement can be obtained via short-blocklength enumerative sphere shaping for single-span transmission at 56 GBd. This gain vanishes for higher symbol rates and a larger number of spans.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Yunus Can Gültekin , Olga Vassilieva , Inwoong Kim , Paparao Palacharla , Chigo Okonkwo , Alex Alvarado
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