Related papers: Dark Matter Searches with LUX

Direct dark matter search by annual modulation in XMASS-I

A search for dark matter was conducted by looking for an annual modulation signal due to the Earth's rotation around the Sun using XMASS, a single phase liquid xenon detector. The data used for this analysis was 359.2 live days times 832 kg…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-27 XMASS Collaboration , K. Abe , K. Hiraide , K. Ichimura , Y. Kishimoto , K. Kobayashi , M. Kobayashi , S. Moriyama , M. Nakahata , T. Norita , H. Ogawa , H. Sekiya , O. Takachio , A. Takeda , M. Yamashita , B. S. Yang , N. Y. Kim , Y. D. Kim , S. Tasaka , K. Fushimi , J. Liu , K. Martens , Y. Suzuki , B. D. Xu , R. Fujita , K. Hosokawa , K. Miuchi , Y. Onishi , N. Oka , Y. Takeuchi , Y. H. Kim , J. S. Lee , K. B. Lee , M. K. Lee , Y. Fukuda , Y. Itow , R. Kegasa , K. Kobayashi , K. Masada , H. Takiya , K. Nishijima , S. Nakamura

Lowering the Threshold in the DAMA Dark Matter Search

The DAMA experiment searches for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter via its expected but rare interactions within the detector, where the interaction rates will modulate throughout the year due to the orbital motion of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Chris Kelso , Pearl Sandick , Christopher Savage

Direct Dark Matter Searches

For many working in particle physics and cosmology successful discovery and characterisation of the new particles that most likely explain the non-baryonic cold dark matter, known to comprise the majority of matter in the Universe, would be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 N. J. Spooner

XENONnT WIMP Search: Signal & Background Modeling and Statistical Inference

The XENONnT experiment searches for weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter scattering off a xenon nucleus. In particular, XENONnT uses a dual-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9-tonne liquid xenon target, detecting both…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-06-04 XENON Collaboration , E. Aprile , J. Aalbers , K. Abe , S. Ahmed Maouloud , L. Althueser , B. Andrieu , E. Angelino , D. Antón Martin , F. Arneodo , L. Baudis , M. Bazyk , L. Bellagamba , R. Biondi , A. Bismark , K. Boese , A. Brown , G. Bruno , R. Budnik , J. M. R. Cardoso , A. P. Cimental Chávez , A. P. Colijn , J. Conrad , J. J. Cuenca-García , V. D'Andrea , L. C. Daniel Garcia , M. P. Decowski , C. Di Donato , P. Di Gangi , S. Diglio , K. Eitel , A. Elykov , A. D. Ferella , C. Ferrari , H. Fischer , T. Flehmke , M. Flierman , W. Fulgione , C. Fuselli , P. Gaemers , R. Gaior , M. Galloway , F. Gao , S. Ghosh , R. Giacomobono , R. Glade-Beucke , L. Grandi , J. Grigat , H. Guan , M. Guida , P. Gyoergy , R. Hammann , A. Higuera , C. Hils , L. Hoetzsch , N. F. Hood , M. Iacovacci , Y. Itow , J. Jakob , F. Joerg , Y. Kaminaga , M. Kara , P. Kavrigin , S. Kazama , M. Kobayashi , A. Kopec , F. Kuger , H. Landsman , R. F. Lang , L. Levinson , I. Li , S. Li , S. Liang , Y. -T. Lin , S. Lindemann , M. Lindner , K. Liu , J. Loizeau , F. Lombardi , J. Long , J. A. M. Lopes , T. Luce , Y. Ma , C. Macolino , J. Mahlstedt , A. Mancuso , L. Manenti , F. Marignetti , T. Marrodán Undagoitia , K. Martens , J. Masbou , E. Masson , S. Mastroianni , A. Melchiorre , M. Messina , A. Michael , K. Miuchi , A. Molinario , S. Moriyama , K. Morå , Y. Mosbacher , M. Murra , J. Müller , K. Ni , U. Oberlack , B. Paetsch , Y. Pan , Q. Pellegrini , R. Peres , C. Peters , J. Pienaar , M. Pierre , G. Plante , T. R. Pollmann , L. Principe , J. Qi , J. Qin , D. Ramírez García , M. Rajado , R. Singh , L. Sanchez , J. M. F. dos Santos , I. Sarnoff , G. Sartorelli , J. Schreiner , D. Schulte , P. Schulte , H. Schulze Eißing , M. Schumann , L. Scotto Lavina , M. Selvi , F. Semeria , P. Shagin , S. Shi , J. Shi , M. Silva , H. Simgen , A. Takeda , P. -L. Tan , A. Terliuk , D. Thers , F. Toschi , G. Trinchero , C. D. Tunnell , F. Tönnies , K. Valerius , S. Vecchi , S. Vetter , F. I. Villazon Solar , G. Volta , C. Weinheimer , M. Weiss , D. Wenz , C. Wittweg , V. H. S. Wu , Y. Xing , D. Xu , Z. Xu , M. Yamashita , L. Yang , J. Ye , L. Yuan , G. Zavattini , M. Zhong

Dark Matter 2014

This article gives an overview on the status of experimental searches for dark matter at the end of 2014. The main focus is on direct searches for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using underground-based low-background…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-29 Marc Schumann

Search for Dark Matter WIMPs using Upward Through-going Muons in Super-Kamiokande

We present the results of indirect searches for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with 1679.6 live days of data from the Super-Kamiokande detector using neutrino-induced upward through-going muons. The search is performed by…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2012-08-27 Kamiokande Collaboration , S. Desai , Y. Ashie , S. Fukuda , Y. Fukuda , K. Ishihara , Y. Itow , Y. Koshio , A. Minamino , M. Miura , S. Moriyama , M. Nakahata , T. Namba , R. Nambu , Y. Obayashi , N. Sakurai , M. Shiozawa , Y. Suzuki , H. Takeuchi , Y. Takeuchi , S. Yamada , M. Ishitsuka , T. Kajita , K. Kaneyuki , S. Nakayama , A. Okada , T. Ooyabu , C. Saji , M. Earl , E. Kearns , J. L. Stone , L. R. Sulak , C. W. Walter , W. Wang , M. Goldhaber , T. Barszczak , D. Casper , J. P. Cravens , W. Gajewski , W. R. Kropp , S. Mine , D. W. Liu , M. B. Smy , H. W. Sobel , C. W. Sterner , M. R. Vagins , K. S. Ganezer , J. Hill , W. E. Keig , J. Y. Kim , I. T. Lim , R. W. Ellsworth , S. Tasaka , G. Guillian , A. Kibayashi , J. G. Learned , S. Matsuno , D. Takemori , M. D. Messier , Y. Hayato , A. K. Ichikawa , T. Ishida , T. Ishii , T. Iwashita , J. Kameda , T. Kobayashi , T. Maruyama , K. Nakamura , K. Nitta , Y. Oyama , M. Sakuda , Y. Totsuka , A. T. Suzuki , M. Hasegawa , K. Hayashi , T. Inagaki , I. Kato , H. Maesaka , T. Morita , T. Nakaya , K. Nishikawa , T. Sasaki , S. Ueda , S. Yamamoto , T. J. Haines , S. Dazeley , S. Hatakeyama , R. Svoboda , E. Blaufuss , J. A. Goodman , G. W. Sullivan , D. Turcan , K. Scholberg , A. Habig , C. K. Jung , T. Kato , K. Kobayashi , M. Malek , C. Mauger , C. McGrew , A. Sarrat , E. Sharkey , C. Yanagisawa , T. Toshito , C. Mitsuda , K. Miyano , T. Shibata , Y. Kajiyama , Y. Nagashima , M. Takita , M. Yoshida , H. I. Kim , H. Okazawa , T. Ishizuka , Y. Choi , H. K. Seo , Y. Gando , T. Hasegawa , K. Inoue , J. Shirai , A. Suzuki , M. Koshiba , T. Hashimoto , Y. Nakajima , K. Nishijima , T. Harada , H. Ishino , M. Morii , R. Nishimura , Y. Watanabe , D. Kielczewska , J. Zalipska , R. Gran , K. K. Shiraishi , K. Washburn , R. J. Wilkes

New limits on dark--matter WIMPs from the Heidelberg--Moscow experiment

New results after 0.69 kg yr of measurement with an enriched 76Ge detector of the Heidelberg--Moscow experiment with an active mass of 2.758 kg are presented. An energy threshold of 9 keV and a background level of 0.042 counts/(kg d keV) in…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-17 L. Baudis , J. Hellmig , G. Heusser , H. V. Klapdor--Kleingrothaus , S. Kolb , B. Majorovits , H. Päs , Y. Ramachers , H. Strecker , V. Alexeev , A. Bakalyarov , A. Balysh , S. T. Belyaev , V. I. Lebedev , S. Zhukov

Dual-Phase Liquid Xenon Detectors for Dark Matter Searches

Dual-phase time projection chambers (TPCs) filled with the liquid noble gas xenon (LXe) are currently the most sensitive detectors searching for interactions of WIMP dark matter in a laboratory-based experiment. This is achieved by…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-08 Marc Schumann

The XENON10 WIMP Search Experiment at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory

XENON10 is a new direct dark matter detection experiment using liquid xenon as target for weakly interacting, massive particles (WIMPs). A two-phase (liquid/gas) time projection chamber with 15 kg fiducial mass has been installed in a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Laura Baudis

Improved Exclusion Limits from the EDELWEISS WIMP Search

The EDELWEISS experiment has improved its sensitivity for the direct search for WIMP dark matter. In the recoil energy range relevant for WIMP masses below 10 TeV/c2, no nuclear recoils were observed in the fiducial volume of a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Benoit , L. Berge , A. Broniatowski , L. Chabert , B. Chambon , M. Chapellier , G. Chardin , P. Charvin , M. De Jesus , P. Di Stefano , D. Drain , L. Dumoulin , J. Gascon , G. Gerbier , E. Gerlic , C. Goldbach , M. Goyot , M. Gros , J. P. Hadjout , S. Herve , A. Juillard , A. de Lesquen , M. Loidl , J. Mallet , S. Marnieros , O. Martineau , N. Mirabolfathi , L. Mosca , X. -F. Navick , G. Nollez , P. Pari , C. Riccio , V. Sanglard , M. Stern , L. Vagneron

Direct dark matter search by annual modulation with 2.7 years of XMASS-I data

An annual modulation signal due to the Earth orbiting around the Sun would be one of the strongest indications of the direct detection of dark matter. In 2016, we reported a search for dark matter by looking for this annual modulation with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-30 XMASS Collaboration , K. Abe , K. Hiraide , K. Ichimura , Y. Kishimoto , K. Kobayashi , M. Kobayashi , S. Moriyama , M. Nakahata , T. Norita , H. Ogawa , K. Sato , H. Sekiya , O. Takachio , A. Takeda , S. Tasaka , M. Yamashita , B. S. Yang , N. Y. Kim , Y. D. Kim , Y. Itow , K. Kanzawa , R. Kegasa , K. Masuda , H. Takiya , K. Fushimi , G. Kanzaki , K. Martens , Y. Suzuki , B. D. Xu , R. Fujita , K. Hosokawa , K. Miuchi , N. Oka , Y. Takeuchi , Y. H. Kim , K. B. Lee , M. K. Lee , Y. Fukuda , M. Miyasaka , K. Nishijima , S. Nakamura

Dark Matter Search Results from the PandaX-4T Commissioning Run

We report the first dark matter search results using the commissioning data from PandaX-4T. Using a time projection chamber with 3.7-tonne of liquid xenon target and an exposure of 0.63 tonne$\cdot$year, 1058 candidate events are identified…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-01-05 Yue Meng , Zhou Wang , Yi Tao , Abdusalam Abdukerim , Zihao Bo , Wei Chen , Xun Chen , Yunhua Chen , Chen Cheng , Yunshan Cheng , Xiangyi Cui , Yingjie Fan , Deqing Fang , Changbo Fu , Mengting Fu , Lisheng Geng , Karl Giboni , Linhui Gu , Xuyuan Guo , Ke Han , Changda He , Jinrong He , Di Huang , Yanlin Huang , Zhou Huang , Ruquan Hou , Xiangdong Ji , Yonglin Ju , Chenxiang Li , Mingchuan Li , Shu Li , Shuaijie Li , Qing Lin , Jianglai Liu , Xiaoying Lu , Lingyin Luo , Wenbo Ma , Yugang Ma , Yajun Mao , Nasir Shaheed , Xuyang Ning , Ningchun Qi , Zhicheng Qian , Xiangxiang Ren , Changsong Shang , Guofang Shen , Lin Si , Wenliang Sun , Andi Tan , Anqing Wang , Meng Wang , Qiuhong Wang , Shaobo Wang , Siguang Wang , Wei Wang , Xiuli Wang , Mengmeng Wu , Weihao Wu , Jingkai Xia , Mengjiao Xiao , Xiang Xiao , Pengwei Xie , Binbin Yan , Xiyu Yan , Jijun Yang , Yong Yang , Chunxu Yu , Jumin Yuan , Ying Yuan , Dan Zhang , Minzhen Zhang , Peng Zhang , Tao Zhang , Li Zhao , Qibin Zheng , Jifang Zhou , Ning Zhou , Xiaopeng Zhou , Yong Zhou

Constraints on Low-Mass WIMP Interactions on 19F from PICASSO

Recent results from the PICASSO dark matter search experiment at SNOLAB are reported. These results were obtained using a subset of 10 detectors with a total target mass of 0.72 kg of 19F and an exposure of 114 kgd. The low backgrounds in…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2012-11-07 The PICASSO Collaboration , S. Archambault , E. Behnke , P. Bhattacharjee , S. Bhattacharya , X. Dai , M. Das , A. Davour , F. Debris , N. Dhungana , J. Farine , S. Gagnebin , G. Giroux , E. Grace , C. M. Jackson , A. Kamaha , C. Krauss , S. Kumaratunga , M. Lafrenière , M. Laurin , I. Lawson , L. Lessard , I. Levine , C. Levy , R. P. MacDonald , D. Marlisov , J. -P. Martin , P. Mitra , A. J. Noble , M. -C. Piro , R. Podviyanuk , S. Pospisil , S. Saha , O. Scallon , S. Seth , N. Starinski , I. Stekl , U. Wichoski , T. Xie , V. Zacek

Estimating the Spin-Independent WIMP-Nucleon Coupling from Direct Dark Matter Detection Data

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are one of the leading candidates for Dark Matter. For understanding the nature of WIMPs and identifying them among new particles produced at colliders (hopefully in the near future),…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-08-17 Chung-Lin Shan

First results on low-mass WIMP from the CDEX-1 experiment at the China Jinping underground Laboratory

The China Dark matter Experiment collaboration reports the first experimental limit on WIMP dark matter from 14.6 kg-day of data taken with a 994 g p-type point-contact germanium detector at the China Jinping underground Laboratory where…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2013-09-17 W. Zhao , Q. Yue , K. J. Kang , J. P. Cheng , Y. J. Li , S. T. Lin , Y. Bai , Y. Bi , J. P. Chang , N. Chen , N. Chen , Q. H. Chen , Y. H. Chen , Y. C. Chuang , Z. Deng , C. Du , Q. Du , H. Gong , X. Q. Hao , H. J. He , Q. J. He , X. H. Hu , H. X. Huang , T. R. Huang , H. Jiang , H. B. Li , J. M. Li , J. Li , J. Li , X. Li , X. Y. Li , Y. L. Li , H. Y. Liao , F. K. Lin , S. K. Liu , L. C. Lv , H. Ma , S. J. Mao , J. Q. Qin , J. Ren , J. Ren , X. C. Ruan , M. B. Shen , L. Singh , M. K. Singh , A. K. Soma , J. Su , C. J. Tang , C. H. Tseng , J. M. Wang , L. Wang , Q. Wang , H. T. Wong , S. Y. Wu , W. Wu , Y. C. Wu , Y. C. Wu , Z. Z. Xianyu , H. Y. Xing , Y. Xu , X. J. Xu , T. Xue , L. T. Yang , S. W. Yang , N. Yi , C. X. Yu , H. Yu , X. Z. Yu , X. H. Zeng , Z. Zeng , L. Zhang , Y. H. Zhang , M. G. Zhao , S. N. Zhong , Z. Y. Zhou , J. J. Zhu , W. B. Zhu , X. Z. Zhu , Z. H. Zhu

Dark Matter Search Results from the Complete Exposure of the PICO-60 C$_3$F$_8$ Bubble Chamber

Final results are reported from operation of the PICO-60 C$_3$F$_8$ dark matter detector, a bubble chamber filled with 52 kg of C$_3$F$_8$ located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory. The chamber was operated at thermodynamic thresholds as…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-17 C. Amole , M. Ardid , I. J. Arnquist , D. M. Asner , D. Baxter , E. Behnke , M. Bressler , B. Broerman , G. Cao , C. J. Chen , U. Chowdhury , K. Clark , J. I. Collar , P. S. Cooper , C. B. Coutu , C. Cowles , M. Crisler , G. Crowder , N. A. Cruz-Venegas , C. E. Dahl , M. Das , S. Fallows , J. Farine , I. Felis , R. Filgas , F. Girard , G. Giroux , J. Hall , C. Hardy , O. Harris , T. Hillier , E. W. Hoppe , C. M. Jackson , M. Jin , L. Klopfenstein , C. B. Krauss , M. Laurin , I. Lawson , A. Leblanc , I. Levine , C. Licciardi , W. H. Lippincott , B. Loer , F. Mamedov , P. Mitra , C. Moore , T. Nania , R. Neilson , A. J. Noble , P. Oedekerk , A. Ortega , M. -C. Piro , A. Plante , R. Podviyanuk , S. Priya , A. E. Robinson , S. Sahoo , O. Scallon , S. Seth , A. Sonnenschein , N. Starinski , I. Štekl , T. Sullivan , F. Tardif , E. Vázquez-Jáuregui , N. Walkowski , E. Weima , U. Wichoski , K. Wierman , Y. Yan , V. Zacek , J. Zhang

Potential for definitive discovery of a 70 GeV dark matter WIMP with only second-order gauge couplings

As astronomical observations and their interpretation improve, the case for cold dark matter (CDM) becomes increasingly persuasive. A particularly appealing version of CDM is a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) with a mass near the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-28 Bailey Tallman , Alexandra Boone , Adhithya Vijayakumar , Fiona Lopez , Samuel Apata , Jehu Martinez , Roland Allen

A search for new physics in low-energy electron recoils from the first LZ exposure

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. We report searches for new physics appearing through few-keV-scale electron recoils, using the experiment's first exposure of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-06-06 The LZ Collaboration , J. Aalbers , D. S. Akerib , A. K. Al Musalhi , F. Alder , C. S. Amarasinghe , A. Ames , T. J. Anderson , N. Angelides , H. M. Araújo , J. E. Armstrong , M. Arthurs , A. Baker , S. Balashov , J. Bang , J. W. Bargemann , A. Baxter , K. Beattie , P. Beltrame , T. Benson , A. Bhatti , A. Biekert , T. P. Biesiadzinski , H. J. Birch , G. M. Blockinger , B. Boxer , C. A. J. Brew , P. Brás , S. Burdin , M. Buuck , M. C. Carmona-Benitez , C. Chan , A. Chawla , H. Chen , J. J. Cherwinka , N. I. Chott , M. V. Converse , A. Cottle , G. Cox , D. Curran , C. E. Dahl , A. David , J. Delgaudio , S. Dey , L. de Viveiros , C. Ding , J. E. Y. Dobson , E. Druszkiewicz , S. R. Eriksen , A. Fan , N. M. Fearon , S. Fiorucci , H. Flaecher , E. D. Fraser , T. M. A. Fruth , R. J. Gaitskell , A. Geffre , J. Genovesi , C. Ghag , R. Gibbons , S. Gokhale , J. Green , M. G. D. van der Grinten , C. R. Hall , S. Han , E. Hartigan-O'Connor , S. J. Haselschwardt , D. Q. Huang , S. A. Hertel , G. Heuermann , M. Horn , D. Hunt , C. M. Ignarra , O. Jahangir , R. S. James , J. Johnson , A. C. Kaboth , A. C. Kamaha , D. Khaitan , A. Khazov , I. Khurana , J. Kim , J. Kingston , R. Kirk , D. Kodroff , L. Korley , E. V. Korolkova , H. Kraus , S. Kravitz , L. Kreczko , B. Krikler , V. A. Kudryavtsev , E. A. Leason , J. Lee , D. S. Leonard , K. T. Lesko , C. Levy , J. Lin , A. Lindote , R. Linehan , W. H. Lippincott , X. Liu , M. I. Lopes , E. Lopez Asamar , W. Lorenzon , C. Lu , D. Lucero , S. Luitz , P. A. Majewski , A. Manalaysay , R. L. Mannino , C. Maupin , M. E. McCarthy , G. McDowell , D. N. McKinsey , J. McLaughlin , E. H. Miller , E. Mizrachi , A. Monte , M. E. Monzani , J. D. Morales Mendoza , E. Morrison , B. J. Mount , M. Murdy , A. St. J. Murphy , D. Naim , A. Naylor , C. Nedlik , H. N. Nelson , F. Neves , A. Nguyen , J. A. Nikoleyczik , I. Olcina , K. C. Oliver-Mallory , J. Orpwood , K. J. Palladino , J. Palmer , N. Parveen , S. J. Patton , B. Penning , G. Pereira , E. Perry , T. Pershing , A. Piepke , S. Poudel , Y. Qie , J. Reichenbacher , C. A. Rhyne , Q. Riffard , G. R. C. Rischbieter , H. S. Riyat , R. Rosero , T. Rushton , D. Rynders , D. Santone , A. B. M. R. Sazzad , R. W. Schnee , S. Shaw , T. Shutt , J. J. Silk , C. Silva , G. Sinev , R. Smith , V. N. Solovov , P. Sorensen , J. Soria , I. Stancu , A. Stevens , K. Stifter , B. Suerfu , T. J. Sumner , M. Szydagis , W. C. Taylor , D. J. Temples , D. R. Tiedt , M. Timalsina , Z. Tong , D. R. Tovey , J. Tranter , M. Trask , M. Tripathi , D. R. Tronstad , W. Turner , A. Vacheret , A. C. Vaitkus , A. Wang , J. J. Wang , Y. Wang , J. R. Watson , R. C. Webb , L. Weeldreyer , T. J. Whitis , M. Williams , W. J. Wisniewski , F. L. H. Wolfs , S. Woodford , D. Woodward , C. J. Wright , Q. Xia , X. Xiang , J. Xu , M. Yeh , E. A. Zweig

Limits on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross-sections from the first science run of the ZEPLIN-III experiment

We present new experimental constraints on the WIMP-nucleon spin-dependent elastic cross-sections using data from the first science run of ZEPLIN-III, a two-phase xenon experiment searching for galactic dark matter WIMPs based at the Boulby…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2009-10-29 V. N. Lebedenko , H. M. Araujo , E. J. Barnes , A. Bewick , R. Cashmore , V. Chepel , D. Davidge , J. Dawson , T. Durkin , B. Edwards , C. Ghag , V. Graffagnino , M. Horn , A. S. Howard , A. J. Hughes , W. G. Jones , M. Joshi , G. E. Kalmus , A. G. Kovalenko , A. Lindote , I. Liubarsky , M. I. Lopes , R. Luscher , K. Lyons , P. Majewski , A. StJ. Murphy , F. Neves , J. Pinto da Cunha , R. Preece , J. J. Quenby , P. R. Scovell , C. Silva , V. N. Solovov , N. J. T. Smith , P. F. Smith , V. N. Stekhanov , T. J. Sumner , C. Thorne , R. J. Walker