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Related papers: Counterfactual Causality from First Principles?

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Counterfactual explanations are a widely used approach for examining the predictions of black-box systems. They can offer the opportunity for computational recourse by suggesting actionable changes on how to alter the input to obtain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 André Artelt , Shubham Sharma , Freddy Lecué , Barbara Hammer

Bell nonlocality is one of the most intriguing and counter-intuitive phenomena displayed by quantum systems. Interestingly, such stronger-than-classical quantum correlations are somehow constrained, and one important question to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-13 Lucas Pollyceno , Rafael Chaves , Rafael Rabelo

We present a definition of cause and effect in terms of decision-theoretic primitives and thereby provide a principled foundation for causal reasoning. Our definition departs from the traditional view of causation in that causal assertions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 D. Heckerman , R. Shachter

In this paper we present a comprehensive view of prominent causal discovery algorithms, categorized into two main categories (1) assuming acyclic and no latent variables, and (2) allowing both cycles and latent variables, along with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Karamjit Singh , Garima Gupta , Vartika Tewari , Gautam Shroff

We present a novel formalization of counterfactual conditionals in a quantified modal logic. Counterfactual conditionals play a vital role in ethical and moral reasoning. Prior work has shown that moral reasoning systems (and more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Naveen Sundar Govindarajulu , Selmer Bringsjord

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) are a powerful means for understanding how decisions made by algorithms can be changed. Researchers have proposed a number of desiderata that CEs should meet to be practically useful, such as requiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Marco Virgolin , Saverio Fracaros

The paper focuses on identifying the causes of student performance to provide personalized recommendations for improving pass rates. We introduce the need to move beyond predictive models and instead identify causal relationships. We…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Bevan I. Smith

Process mining is widely used to diagnose processes and uncover performance and compliance problems. It is also possible to see relations between different behavioral aspects, e.g., cases that deviate more at the beginning of the process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Mahnaz Sadat Qafari , Wil van der Aalst

Falsification is drawing attention in quality assurance of heterogeneous systems whose complexities are beyond most verification techniques' scalability. In this paper we introduce the idea of causality aid in falsification: by providing a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Takumi Akazaki , Yoshihiro Kumazawa , Ichiro Hasuo

Counterfactual reasoning, a hallmark of intelligence, consists of three steps: inferring latent variables from observations (abduction), constructing alternatives (interventions), and predicting their outcomes (prediction). This skill is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Aniket Vashishtha , Qirun Dai , Hongyuan Mei , Amit Sharma , Chenhao Tan , Hao Peng

Causality is a subject of philosophical debate and a central scientific issue with a long history. In the statistical domain, the study of cause and effect based on the notion of `fairness' in comparisons dates back several hundred years,…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-04-06 Erica EM Moodie , David A Stephens

The problem of causality is analyzed in the context of Local Quantum Field Theory. Contrary to recent claims, it is shown that apparent noncausal behaviour is due to a lack of the notion of sharp localizability for a relativistic quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 L. Maiani , M. Testa

While recent years have witnessed the emergence of various explainable methods in machine learning, to what degree the explanations really represent the reasoning process behind the model prediction -- namely, the faithfulness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Yingqiang Ge , Shuchang Liu , Zelong Li , Shuyuan Xu , Shijie Geng , Yunqi Li , Juntao Tan , Fei Sun , Yongfeng Zhang

Recommender systems have become crucial in information filtering nowadays. Existing recommender systems extract user preferences based on the correlation in data, such as behavioral correlation in collaborative filtering, feature-feature,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Chen Gao , Yu Zheng , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Yong Li

We present a computationally grounded semantics for counterfactual conditionals in which i) the state in a model is decomposed into two elements: a propositional valuation and a causal base in propositional form that represents the causal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Carlos Aguilera-Ventura , Xinghan Liu , Emiliano Lorini , Dmitry Rozplokhas

There are some recent approaches and results about the use of answer-set programming for specifying counterfactual interventions on entities under classification, and reasoning about them. These approaches are flexible and modular in that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Leopoldo Bertossi

This paper provides a critical review of the Bayesian perspective of causal inference based on the potential outcomes framework. We review the causal estimands, identification assumptions, the general structure of Bayesian inference of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-25 Fan Li , Peng Ding , Fabrizia Mealli

Identifying and communicating relationships between causes and effects is important for understanding our world, but is affected by language structure, cognitive and emotional biases, and the properties of the communication medium. Despite…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Thomas C. McAndrew , Joshua C. Bongard , Christopher M. Danforth , Peter S. Dodds , Paul D. H. Hines , James P. Bagrow

Estimating an individual's potential outcomes under counterfactual treatments is a challenging task for traditional causal inference and supervised learning approaches when the outcome is high-dimensional (e.g. gene expressions, impulse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-13 Yulun Wu , Layne C. Price , Zichen Wang , Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Robert A. Barton , George Karypis

Recent work in psychology and experimental philosophy has shown that judgments of actual causation are often influenced by consideration of defaults, typicality, and normality. A number of philosophers and computer scientists have also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-06 Joseph Y. Halpern , Christopher Hitchcock