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In theories with a broken discrete symmetry, Hubble sized spherical domain walls may spontaneously nucleate during inflation. These objects are subsequently stretched by the inflationary expansion, resulting in a broad distribution of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-10 Heling Deng , Jaume Garriga , Alexander Vilenkin

With detections of quasars powered by increasingly massive black holes (BHs) at increasingly early times in cosmic history over the past decade, there has been correspondingly rapid progress made on the theory of early BH formation and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-23 Jarrett L. Johnson , Francesco Haardt

Primordial black holes (PBHs) represent a natural candidate for one of the components of the dark matter (DM) in the Universe. In this review, we shall discuss the basics of their formation, abundance and signatures. Some of their…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-03 Pablo Villanueva-Domingo , Olga Mena , Sergio Palomares-Ruiz

We explore the consequences of a novel but increasingly well-supported hypothesis that supermassive black holes may have formed from primordial black holes form ed prior to, and rapidly growing in, the radiation-dominated universe. We show…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-11 Jeremy Mould , Adam Batten

The possibility that dark matter could be primordial black holes is discussed with an emphasis on the most commonly studied inflationary dynamics that could have produced them.

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-20 Guillermo Ballesteros

We review the theory behind the formation of primordial black hole binaries and their merger rates. We consider the binary formation in the early and late Universe, emphasising the former as it gives the dominant contribution of the present…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-16 Martti Raidal , Ville Vaskonen , Hardi Veermäe

We investigate the effects of accretion of phantom energy onto primordial black holes. Since Hawking radiation and phantom energy accretion contribute to a {\it decrease} of the mass of the black hole, the primordial black hole that would…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-28 Mubasher Jamil , Asghar Qadir

The Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are gradually involved into consideration as the phenomenon having reliable basis. We discuss here the possibility of their agglomeration into clusters that may have several prominent observable features.…

The most entropic fluid can be related to a dense gas of black holes that we use to study the beginning of the universe. We encounter difficulties to compatibilize an adiabatic expansion with the growing area for the coalescence of black…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 P. Diaz , M. A. Per , A. Segui

Large curvature perturbations generated during slow first-order phase transitions are a promising source of primordial black holes. However, recent analyses suggested that the mechanism is ruled out once the density contrast and the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-22 Wen-Yuan Ai , Ke-Pan Xie

We provide a (simplified) quantum description of primordial black holes at the time of their formation. Specifically, we employ the horizon quantum mechanics to compute the probability of black hole formation starting from a simple quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-04 R. Casadio , A. Giugno , A. Giusti , M. Lenzi

We review the role of primordial black holes (PBHs) for illuminating the dark ages of the cosmological evolution and as dark matter (DM) candidates. We elucidate the role of phase transitions for primordial black hole formation in the early…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Maël Gonin , Oleksii Ivanytskyi , David Blaschke , Günther Hasinger

We discuss the production of primordial black holes in an early matter dominated era, which typically takes place in string inspired early universe cosmological models. In particular, we consider a pre-big bang scenario (extending previous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-14 Pietro Conzinu , Giovanni Marozzi

Recent developments in the study of primordial black holes (PBHs) will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on their formation and evaporation. PBHs could provide a unique probe of the early Universe, gravitational collapse, high energy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 B. J. Carr

Primordial black holes can be produced by density fluctuations generated from delayed vacuum decays of first-order phase transition. The primordial black holes generated at the electroweak phase transition have masses of about $10^{-5}$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-07-27 Katsuya Hashino , Shinya Kanemura , Tomo Takahashi

We describe a new scenario for the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs). In the early Universe, the long-range forces mediated by the scalar fields can lead to formation of halos of heavy particles even during the radiation-dominated…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-28 Marcos M. Flores , Alexander Kusenko

We investigate the potential impact of mass inflation inside black holes on the dynamics of the Universe, considering a recent reformulation of general relativity, proposed in [1], which prevents the vacuum energy from acting as a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-06 P. P. Avelino

Primordial black holes (PBHs) may form in the early universe when pre-existing adiabatic density fluctuations enter into the cosmological horizon and recollapse. It has been suggested that PBH formation may be facilitated when fluctuations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 K. Jedamzik , J. C. Niemeyer

The calculation results of the evolution of the cluster of primordial black holes based on the Fokker-Planck equation with neglecting of the gas accretion onto black holes are presented. In addition, we consider how a massive black hole…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-22 V. D. Stasenko , A. A. Kirillov

Primordial black holes might comprise a significant fraction of the dark matter in the Universe and be responsible for the gravitational wave signals from black hole mergers observed by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration. The spatial clustering…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 V. De Luca , V. Desjacques , G. Franciolini , A. Riotto