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We approach the task of computing a carefully synchronizing word of minimum length for a given partial deterministic automaton, encoding the problem as an instance of SAT and invoking a SAT solver. Our experimental results demonstrate that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Hanan Shabana , Mikhail V. Volkov

Programs with dynamic allocation are able to create and use an unbounded number of fresh resources, such as references, objects, files, etc. We propose History-Register Automata (HRA), a new automata-theoretic formalism for modelling such…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Radu Grigore , Nikos Tzevelekos

We study synchronizing partial DFAs, which extend the classical concept of synchronizing complete DFAs and are a special case of synchronizing unambiguous NFAs. A partial DFA is called synchronizing if it has a word (called a \emph{reset…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mikhail V. Berlinkov , Robert Ferens , Andrew Ryzhikov , Marek Szykuła

Decidability of the determinization problem for weighted automata over the semiring $(\mathbb{Z} \cup {-\infty}, \max, +)$, WA for short, is a long-standing open question. We propose two ways of approaching it by constraining the search…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-06 Emmanuel Filiot , Ismaël Jecker , Nathan Lhote , Guillermo A. Pérez , Jean-François Raskin

The problem DFA-Intersection-Nonemptiness asks if a given number of deterministic automata accept a common word. In general, this problem is PSPACE-complete. Here, we investigate this problem for the subclasses of commutative automata and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Henning Fernau , Stefan Hoffmann , Michael Wehar

In 1964 \v{C}ern\'{y} conjectured that each $n$-state synchronizing automaton posesses a reset word of length at most $(n-1)^2$. From the other side the best known upper bound on the reset length (minimum length of reset words) is cubic in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-16 Mikhail V. Berlinkov

A word w is called a synchronizing (recurrent, reset) word of a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) if w brings all states of the automaton to some state; a DFA that has a synchronizing word is said to be synchronizing. Cerny conjectured…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-20 A. N. Trahtman

A register automaton is a finite automaton with finitely many registers ranging from an infinite alphabet. Since the valuations of registers are infinite, there are infinitely many configurations. We describe a technique to classify…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-28 Yu-Fang Chen , Bow-Yaw Wang , Di-De Yen

A synchronizing word for an automaton is a word that brings that automaton into one and the same state, regardless of the starting position. Cerny conjectured in 1964 that if a n-state deterministic automaton has a synchronizing word, then…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Cyril Nicaud

A word $w$ of letters on edges of underlying graph $\Gamma$ of deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is called synchronizing if $w$ sends all states of the automaton to a unique state. J. \v{C}erny discovered in 1964 a sequence of $n$-state…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-12 A. N. Trahtman

For general input automata, there exist regular constraint languages such that asking if a given input automaton admits a synchronizing word in the constraint language is PSPACE-complete or NP-complete. Here, we investigate this problem for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Stefan Hoffmann

We study the complexity of basic regular operations on languages represented by incomplete deterministic or nondeterministic automata, in which all states are final. Such languages are known to be prefix-closed. We get tight bounds on both…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Kristína Čevorová , Galina Jirásková , Peter Mlynárčik , Matúš Palmovský , Juraj Šebej

Most slowly synchronizing automata over binary alphabets are circular, i.e., containing a letter permuting the states in a single cycle, and their set of synchronizing words has maximal state complexity, which also implies complete…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Stefan Hoffmann

We propose an automaton model which is a combination of symbolic and register automata, i.e., we enrich symbolic automata with memory. We call such automata Register Match Automata (RMA). RMA extend the expressive power of symbolic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Elias Alevizos , Alexander Artikis , Georgios Paliouras

A word is called a reset word for a deterministic finite automaton if it maps all the states of the automaton to a unique state. Deciding about the existence of a reset word of a given maximum length for a given automaton is known to be an…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-09-09 Vojtěch Vorel

In [1], we introduced the weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata. In this report, we show that the emptiness problem of weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata is undecidable. This implies that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-06 Laurent Doyen , Thierry Massart , Mahsa Shirmohammadi

The Release-Acquire (RA) semantics and its variants are some of the most fundamental models of concurrent semantics for architectures, programming languages, and distributed systems. Several steps have been taken in the direction of testing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Parosh Abdulla , Elli Anastasiadi , Mohamed Faouzi Atig , Samuel Grahn

We introduce two generalizations of synchronizability to automata with transitions weighted in an arbitrary semiring K=(K,+,*,0,1). (or equivalently, to finite sets of matrices in K^nxn.) Let us call a matrix A location-synchronizing if…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Szabolcs Iván

A data tree is an unranked ordered tree whose every node is labelled by a letter from a finite alphabet and an element ("datum") from an infinite set, where the latter can only be compared for equality. The article considers alternating…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-06-15 Marcin Jurdzinski , Ranko Lazic

The set of synchronizing words of a given $n$-state automaton forms a regular language recognizable by an automaton with $2^n - n$ states. The size of a recognizing automaton for the set of synchronizing words is linked to computational…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Stefan Hoffmann