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Spatially dispersive (also known as non-local) electromagnetic media are considered where the parameters defining the permittivity relation vary periodically. Maxwell's equations give rise to a difference equation corresponding to the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-03-23 Jonathan Gratus , Matthew McCormack

Space-time-modulated systems have attracted significant interest over the past decade due to their ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves in unprecedented ways. Here, we introduce a new type of space-time-modulated structure, the…

Optics · Physics 2024-11-01 Amir Bahrami , Klaas De Kinder , Zhiyu Li , Christophe Caloz

Extraordinary dispersion features of a circular waveguide filled by a longitudinally magnetized composite gyroelectromagnetic medium are studied. The composite medium is considered to be constructed by juxtaposition together of magnetic and…

Space-time modulation of electromagnetic parameters offers novel exciting possibilities for advanced field manipulations. In this study, we explore wave scattering from a time-varying interface characterized by a Lorentz-type dispersion…

This paper overviews the principles, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of STM media and their applications in communication systems. We first present a global perspective on the principles of ST modulation, naturally and…

Classical Physics · Physics 2019-03-13 Sajjad Taravati , Ahmed A. Kishk

Modulation of metasurfaces in time gives rise to several exotic space-time scattering phenomena by violating the reciprocity and generation of higher-order frequency harmonics. We introduce a new design paradigm for time-modulated…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-12-31 Mohammad Mahdi Salary , Samad Jafar-Zanjani , Hossein Mosallaei

Dynamic modulation of material properties in space and time enables powerful control over wave propagation, yet existing theories largely rely on idealized, nondispersive models. In realistic media, frequency dispersion can strongly reshape…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-02 Klaas De Kinder , Christophe Caloz

Analytical solutions are presented for the electromagnetic radiation by an arbitrary pulsed source into a homogeneous time-varying background medium. In the constant-impedance case an explicit radiation formula is obtained for the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-16 Neil V. Budko

Space-time metamaterials are redefining wave engineering by enabling fully dynamic four-dimensional control of electromagnetic fields, allowing simultaneous manipulation of frequency, amplitude, momentum, and propagation direction. This…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-26 Sajjad Taravati

Space-time varying metamaterials based on uniform-velocity modulation have spurred considerable interest over the past decade. We present here the first extensive investigation of accelerated modulation space-time metamaterials. Using the…

Optics · Physics 2023-03-28 Amir Bahrami , Zoé-Lise Deck-Léger , Christophe Caloz

In this paper, we study the interactions of electromagnetic waves with a non-dispersive dynamic medium that is temporally dependent. Electromagnetic fields under material time-modulation conserve their momentum but not their energy. We…

Optics · Physics 2023-07-19 Theodoros T. Koutserimpas , Romain Fleury

A simple and general formalism for mode coupling by a spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal perturbation in dispersive materials is developed. This formalism can be used for studying various linear and non-linear optical interactions…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-19 Brenda Dana , Lilya Lobachinsky , Alon Bahabad

In this work, we theoretically study temporal interfaces between media with strong spatial dispersion and dielectrics. In particular, we consider a temporal discontinuity that transforms a wire medium sample, a metamaterial with resonant…

Time-varying media have recently emerged as a new paradigm for wave manipulation, thanks to thesynergy between the discovery of novel, highly nonlinear materials, such as epsilon-near-zero materials, and the questfor novel wave…

We analyze the propagation of electromagnetic waves in media where the dielectric constants undergo rapid temporal periodic modulation. Both spatially homogeneous and periodic media are studied. Fast periodic temporal modulation of the…

Spatiotemporally modulated elastic metamaterials have garnered increasing interest for their potential applications in nonreciprocal wave devices. Most existing studies, however, focus on systems where spatiotemporal modulation is…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Yingrui Ye , Chunxia Liu , Alessandro Marzani , Emanuele Riva , Antonio Palermo , Xiaopeng Wang

Space-time varying media enable unprecedented control over electromagnetic waves, yet most existing studies assume idealized, nondispersive materials and thus fail to capture the intrinsic frequency dispersion of realistic platforms. Here,…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-16 Klaas De Kinder , Christophe Caloz

Incorporating both gain and loss into electromagnetic systems provides possibilities to engineer effects in unprecedented ways. Concerning electromagnetic effects in isotropic media that have concurrently electric and magnetic responses,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-08-31 L. Freter , M. S. Mirmoosa , A. Sihvola , C. R. Simovski , S. A. Tretyakov

We present an effective medium description of time-modulated dielectric media. By taking the averaged fields over one modulation period, the relationship between them is derived, defining therefore the different constitutive parameters. In…

Optics · Physics 2021-01-04 Dani Torrent

We study the coherence in time and space of electromagnetic fields propagated through complex media. Whether for localization, imaging or telecommunication, the development of dedicated numerical techniques is generally based on the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-04-21 Thomas Fromenteze , Matthieu Davy , Okan Yurduseven , Yann Marie-Joseph , Cyril Decroze
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